Ethics, Robotics and the Problem of Moral Status

U diplomskom radu prikazane su osnovne teorije moralnog statusa i stavljene u kontekst moralnog statusa robota. Za potrebe prikaza četiri teorije moralnog statusa korištena je, u najvećoj mjeri, knjiga filozofkinje Marry Anne Warren, Moral Status: Obligations to Persons and Other Living Things (1997). Cilj rada bio je iznijeti argumente za i protiv četiri prevladavajuće teorije moralnog statusa i kroz primjere provjeriti je li, na osnovi neke od njih, moguće pripisivanje moralnog statusa robotima. Najvećim dijelom obrađene su dvije osnovne teorije, utilitaristička i deontološka, koje za ključni uvjet moralnog statusa uzimaju osjećajnost, odnosno osobnost. Nešto manje prostora posvećeno je teoriji o životu te teoriji o uključenosti u raznovrsne odnose kao jednako zanimljivim okvirima za provjeru pripada li nekom živom ili neživom objektu moralni status.This master's thesis provides an outline of the basic theories of moral status that are put in the context of moral status of robots. As a main reference in the explanation of four theories, book by Marry Anne Warren Moral Status: Obligations to Persons and Other Living Things (1997) was used the most. The goal of the thesis was to put forward the main arguments for and against each of the four theories of moral status, as well as to consider whether any of them provides a solid basis for ascribing the moral status for robots. The largest part of the thesis takes on two basic theories of moral status, the utilitarian one and deontological one, which place sentience and personhood, respectively, as the crucial condition for moral status. Somewhat less space is devoted to the theory of life and the theory of being included in significant relationships as an interesting framework for testing whether some living or non-living object can have a moral status