Effects of exhaust gases on the health and the environment

Nastankom modernog društva i razvitkom industrije i prometa došlo je do problema zagađenja okoliša. Kao glavni izvor energije se koriste fosilna goriva čijim izgaranjem nastaju ispušni plinovi. Ispušne plinove čine vodena para, ugljikov (IV) oksid, ugljikov (II) oksid, dušikovi oksidi, sumporov (IV) oksid, ugljikovodici, aerosoli teških metala te čađa i dim. Glavni zagađivači ispušnim plinovima su industrija i promet. Cestovni promet je puno veći zagađivač od zračnog i željezničkog prometa. Željeznički promet je ekološki najprihvatljiviji oblik putovanja i transporta. Zauzima najmanje mjesta, ima najmanje emisije ispušnih plinova i energetski je vrlo učinkovit. Ispušni plinovi imaju negativne utjecaje na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Zbog tih negativnih utjecaja istražuju se načini smanjenja količine ispušnih plinova i uvode se zakoni koji ograničavaju dopuštene količine ispušnih plinova u zraku. Smanjenje količine ispušnih plinova se može postići uporabom alternativnih goriva i okretanjem obnovljivim izvorima energije.With the establishment of modern society and the development of industry and traffic, problem of environmental pollution has emerged. The main sources of energy are fossil fuels whose combustion produces exhaust gases. Exhaust gases include water vapor, carbon (IV) oxide, carbon (II) oxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur (IV) oxide, hydrocarbons, heavy metal aerosols, soot and smoke. The main pollutants of exhaust gases are industry and traffic. Road traffic is a much larger polluter than air and rail traffic. Rail traffic is the most environmentally acceptable form of travel and transportation. It takes up the minimum of space, has the lowest emissions of exhaust gases and is energy efficient. Exhaust gases have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Because of these negative impacts, methods of reducing the amount of exhaust gases are being researched and laws restricting the permitted amount of exhaust gases in the air are introduced. Reducing the amount of exhaust gases can be achieved by the use of alternative fuels and turning to renewable energy sources