Fiducia in Roman law tradition

Predmet ovog rada jest institut fiducije, koji se razvio u rimskom pravu, no zbog svoje važnosti danas pronalazi primjenu u brojnim pravnim sustavima diljem svijeta. Unatoč nedostatku izvora te izostavljanju iz Justinijanove kodifikacije, ovaj institut odupro se zaboravu. Analizirajući genezu ovog instituta ističe se potreba za sve boljim osiguranjem tražbine vjerovnika, ali i zaštitom dužnika, što upravo fiducija i omogućuje. Brojne zemlje, uključujući i Republiku Hrvatsku preuzele su ovaj rimskopravni institut uz naravno određene modifikacije, stoga je danas fiducija kakvu poznajemo uglavnom prototip rimskoj fiducia cum creditore. Zaključujući, potrebe poslovne prakse traže institute koji će biti najpovoljniji za vjerovnike, no s druge strane, to može biti izuzetno riskantno za dužnike. Zadaća zakonodavca jest pružiti zaštitu dužniku i precizno regulirati odnos između ugovornih strana. U hrvatski pravni sustav fiducija je uvedena Ovršnim zakonom kroz sudsko i javnobilježničko osiguranje prijenosom vlasništva na stvari i prijenosom prava. Cilj ovog rada jest prikazati povijesni razvoj instituta fiducije, njegove prednosti i mane, komparativni prikaz te se osvrnuti na današnju primjenu ovog instituta i zakonsku regulaciju u Republici Hrvatskoj.The subject of this work is the institute of fiduciary, developed in Roman law, but because of its importance it is now being applied in many legal systems around the world. Despite the lack of resources and the omission from Justinian's codification, this institute resisted oblivion. Analyzing the genesis of this institute, there is a need for better securing the creditor's claim, as well as protecting the debtor, which fiduciary allows. Numerous countries, including the Republic of Croatia, took over this Roman law institute with certain modifications, so fiduciary today is known to be the prototype of Roman fiducia cum creditore. By concluding, business practice needs the institutes that will be the best for creditors, but on the other hand, it can be extremely risky for debtors. The legislator's task is to provide protection to the debtor and to precisely regulate the relationship between the contracting parties. In the Croatian legal system fiduciary was introduced by the Enforcement Act through judicial and public notary insurance by transferring ownership of property and transfer of rights. The aim of this paper is to present the historical development of the institute of fiduciary, its advantages and disadvantages, a comparative view, and to show today's application of this institute and legal regulation in the Republic of Croatia