A doll as a friend

Cilj je ovoga završnog rada prikazati na koje načine scenska lutka djeluje na subjekte i objekte odgojno-obrazovnoga procesa u dječjem vrtiću. Lutka je igračka namijenjena dječjoj igri. Putem igre djeca prerađuju svoja iskustva. Oživljujući lutku oživljuju svoja sjećanja, emocije, maštu, kreativnost, znanja i mnoge druge vještine i sposobnosti. Kako se razvija psihička zrelost djeteta, ono je sposobno prerađivati iskustva koja nije izravno doživjelo. Lutka ima potencijal od predmeta postati živo biće s kojim dijete sklapa prijateljstvo. Ona je sredstvo putem kojega se unutarnji svijet djeteta pokazuje na van – oslobađaju se prikrivene emocije i želje, ističu se umjetnički izričaji, razvijaju se sposobnosti i vještine. Lutka kao dječja prijateljica pomaže u prevladavanju prepreka (npr. prevladavanje egocentrizma ili straha); s njom se djeca zabavljaju i vesele ili dijele tugu i zabrinutost. Osim dobrobiti lutke za pojedino dijete, ona uspješno djeluje na zajedništvo i stabilnost grupe. Djeca usvajaju pravila (npr. čekanje na red) i uče dijeliti. Osim za djecu, lutka je odlično sredstvo za odgajatelje jer njome mogu lakše pristupiti djetetu ili grupi djece. Promatranjem dječje igre, odgajatelj ima uvid u dječji svijet - u njihove želje, potrebe, interese, znanja, iskustva i emocionalna stanja. Lutka u grupi stvara priliku za prirodno i spontano ozračje u kojem se djeca i odgajatelj osjećaju slobodno i opušteno. Jednako tako, korištenjem lutke u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu, odgajatelj se može vidjeti u očima djece i na taj mu je način olakšano samovrednovanje i profesionalni napredak. Lik koji se izrađivao za svrhu proučavanja djelovanja lutke u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu je lik Pipi Duge Čarape. Cilj istraživanja koje se provelo u Dječjem vrtiću Trešnjevka bio je cilj uočiti razlike u dječjim reakcijama na lutku i teme dječje igre. Pokazano je kako se djeca vrlo brzo poistovjete s lutkom te kako ona lako postaje njihova prijateljica. Potvrđen je njezin dobar utjecaj na sveukupni dječji razvoj, sposobnost rješavanja problema, razvoj suradnje i zajedništva.The aim of this thesis is to present ways in which a puppet can affect subjects and objects of the educational process in the kindergarten. A puppet is a toy intended for children's play. Through the play children are reliving their experiences. By reviving a puppet, children are reviving their memories, imagination, creativity and many other skills and abilities. As the children's psychic maturity develops, they are capable to relive experiences which they have not directly experienced. A puppet has potential to become a living being with whom a child can become a friend – it is a medium through which the inner world of the child is shown on the outside; emotions and desires are released, artistic expressions emphasized, skills and abilities developed. A puppet as a child's friend helps to overcome obstacles; together they can have fun and laugh or share their sadness and concern. Not only is a puppet useful for development of an individual, but it is also useful for a group of children because it affects the group's unity and stability. Also, a puppet is a great tool for preschool teachers because it is easier for them to approach a child or a group of children. By observing children's play, the educator has an insight into the children's world - in their desires, needs, interests, knowledge, experiences and emotional states. A puppet creates a chance for a natural and spontaneous atmosphere in which children and educators feel free and relaxed. Also, by using puppets, the teacher can be seen in the eyes of the children and thus facilitates self-evaluation and professional progress. The character that was created for the purpose of studying effects of a puppet in the educational process is the character of Pipi Long Stocking. The research that was carried out at the kindergarten Trešnjevka was intended to detect differences in children's reactions to a puppet and the themes of children's play. It is shown that children are quickly identified with the puppet and how easy it is to become their friend. Its good influence on overall child development, problem-solving skills, development of co-operation and community has been confirmed