Razlike u motoričkim znanjima djece s obzirom na uključenost u izvanvrtićke aktivnosti

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je utvrditi postoji li razlika u stupnju usvojenosti osnovnih motoričkih znanja djece predškolske dobi koja se bave nekom sportskom aktivnošću izvan vrtića naspram djece koja se ne bave nikakvim aktivnostima izvan vrtića. Za potrebe pisanja diplomskog rada provedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 41 djeteta dobi između 5 i 6 godina unutar dva objekta DV „Četiri rijeke“ u Karlovcu. Statistički rezultati istraživanja ukazali su na značajnu razliku između dviju skupina u 3 zadatka. Djeca koja se aktivno bave nekom sportskom aktivnosti bila su bolja u hodu četveronoške, prijelazu gimnastičkog mostića i penjanju i spuštanju ljestvama. U ostalim zadacima statistička analiza podataka pokazala je da su djeca iz obje skupine bila podjednako uspješna u izvršavanju zadataka. Motorička znanja predstavljaju stupanj usvojenosti nekih motoričkih struktura na različitim razinama. Osnovna motorička znanja usvajaju se od najranije djetetove dobi i ona omogućuju kretanje osobe i njegovo aktivno sudjelovanje u okolini u kojoj se nalaze. Djeci u savladavanju motoričkih znanja pomažu odrasle osobe koje se nalaze u njihovoj blizini. Oni mogu biti profesionalci (kineziolozi, treneri, učitelji, odgojitelji..) ili osobe iz neposredne blizine (roditelji, obitelj..). Savladavanje motoričkih znanja složen je proces i on zahtijeva zrelost organizma kao i višestruko ponavljanje zadataka kako bi se radnja usvojila. Djeca prilikom učenja motoričkih znanja uče prema prethodnim znanjima koja su već usvojila te napreduju prema složenijim oblicima. Kako bi bila što uspješnija u savladavanju novih znanja, vrlo je bitno da imaju potporu okoline kao i osobu koja će ispraviti pogreške prilikom učenja. Odgojitelji imaju veliku ulogu u učenju djece motoričkim znanjima jer su, uz roditelje, osobe s kojima djeca provode najviše vremena i s kojima djeca imaju razvijen poseban odnos. Upravo zbog toga, odgojitelji se moraju stalno educirati i raditi na profesionalnom razvoju kako bi bili što stručniji i mogli prenijeti što više znanja.The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether there is any difference in the degree of the acquired fundamental motor skills with the pre-school children doing a sports activity outside their kindergarten program, as opposed to those children who do not. A research of 41 children aged 5 to 6, from two kindergarten premises of the DV „Četiri rijeke“, was conducted while preparing this thesis. Statistic results of the research have pointed out the fact that there exists a significant difference between the two groups in the three tasks. The children who are actively engaged in a sports activity have achieved better results in walking on all fours, in crossing the gymnastics bridge and in climbing up and down the ladder. Similarly, the analysis has proved that both groups of children were equally successful in accomplishing other tasks, Motoric skills represent the degree of having acquired certain motoric structures on various levels. The basic motor skills are being acquired from the child's earliest age as this enables a person to move around and actively participate in their environment. In accomplishing motor skills, the child is assisted by adults around them. They can be professionals (kynaesiologists, trainers, teachers, pre-school teachers, etc) or people in their immediate surroundings (parents, family, etc). Accomplishing motor skills is a complex process which presupposes physical maturity as well as multiple repetitions of the process in order to acquire a specific motion. In learning new motor skills, the child tends to do so as based on their previously acquired knowledge and therefore they progress therefrom towards the more complex forms. In order to be as successful as possible in gaining new skills, it is of the utmost importance that the child be provided with tender assistance from their immediate surroundings by a person who is to correct any mistake the child might do during the process. Consequently, pre-school teachers play a highly important role in the child's learning a new motor skill since the pre-school teachers are, besides parents, the ones who spend most of time with the child and with whom the child develops a special relationship. This is precisely the reason why the pre-school teachers should undergo permanent education and keep working on their professional development so as to be highly professional in order to transfer their knowledge to the fullest