THE INSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE EUROPEAN COOPERATION

Proces europske suradnje započeo je nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, kada su se kod političkih elita počele javljati ideje o ujedinjenju Europe. Nakon utvrđenih posljedica ratnog razaranja, koje nikome nisu donijele ništa dobro, dolazi se do zaključka da ratovanje za prevlast i vođenje nacionalnih politika vodi u trajne nemire Europe. Napokon se uviđa da bi uspostavom ujedinjene Europe bio osiguran trajni mir i sigurnost na tim područjima. Stabilnost i razvoj bili su ostvarivi jedino međusobnom suradnjom država i postavljanju ciljeva Unije, što su mnogi političari,intelektualci ali i obični građani podržavali te su takva uvjerenja i ideje prerasli u tzv. „(Sve)Europski pokret“. Francuski političar Jean Monnet predložioje sektorski pristup koji će omogućiti postupno zbližavanje i suradnju između država na određenim područjima.Europska zajednica za ugljen i čelik (1951.) je prva supranacionalna institucija i imala je vlastitu institucionalnu strukturu,a kako su nedugo zatim osnovane i Europska ekonomska zajednica i Europska zajednica za atomsku energiju također s vlastitim tijelima, došlo se do odluke o ujedinjenju tijela tih Zajednica pa su se sve tri Zajednice zajedno počele nazivati Europske zajednice.Ugovor o Europskoj uniji je potpisan 1992.,a stupio je na snagu 1. studenog 1993. godine, pa možemo smatrati da je tada uspostavljena Europska unija. Stupanjem na snagu Lisabonskog ugovora 1.prosinca 2009., Europska zajednica prestala je postojati a formalno ju je zamijenila Europska unija,koja kao takva djeluje i danas.Lisabonski ugovor donosi niz promjena u funkcioniranju EU-a. Posebnosti europskog poretka su u njegovoj institucionalnoj strukturi koju čine: Europsko vijeće,Vijeće EU, Europska komisija, Europski parlament, Sud pravde EU, Revizorski sud, Europska središnja banka, ali i druga pomoćna tijela i agencije.Za sada EU broji 28 država članica koje zajednički odlučuju preko svojih predstavnika u tijelima EU, stvarajući tako zajedničku politiku, koja je usmjerena na daljnji razvoj i razvitak te promicanje interesa i vrijednosti Unije u svijetu.European cooperation began after World War II. After seeing the destructive and devastating consequences, the political elites decided to unite Europe. The conclusion was stated that warfare being used for the predominant form of conducting of national politics lead to constant turmoil in Europe. It was finally seen that by uniting Europe, permanent peace and safety would be insured in this area. Many politicians, intellectuals and common citizens agreed that stability and development are achievable only by international cooperation and stating of mutual goals. These beliefs and ideas grew to become “The Pan-European Movement”. French politician Jean Monnet suggested sectorial approach which would enable the countries to grow together gradually and cooperate in certain areas. European Coal and Steel Community (1951.) was the first supranational institution which had its own institutional structure, and soon after that the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community with their own bodies. All three joined together and in 1992 by signing the Treaty of Maastricht to create the European Communities (this being considered as the day of the EU establishment). However on the 1st of December 2009, by signing the Treaty of Lisbon, The European Community ceased to exist and formally was replaced by the European Union. The treaty of Lisbon brought various changes to the function of the European Union. The specialties of the European order are in its institutional structures, which are the European Council, Council of European Union, European Commission, European Parliament, Court of Justice of the European Union, Europe court of Auditors, European Central Bank and other auxiliary bodies and agencies. In the European Union, the common market plays an important role as the foundation of the economic and political function. It enables equal competition of the economic specimen (subject) inside the EU, and enlarges its competitive capability in the world market. Currently, the EU consists of 28 member states, each having a representative. Together they work towards the mutual goal of political growth and development, as well as the promotion of joint interest and values in the world