The role and significance of psychoanalysis as a modern psychotherapeutic technique

Psihoanaliza je psihoterapijska metoda koja na temelju analize događaja iz prošlosti nastoji objasniti misli, snove i radnje u sadašnjosti, te aktualno psihičko stanje analizirane osobe. Najvažniji dio psihičkog života pojedinca odvija se u domeni nesvjesnog, koje se ovom tehnikom u klasičnom smislu nastoji prevesti u svjesno i razriješiti. Metodu je utemeljio Sigmund Freud u 19. stoljeću, a nakon njega se psihoanaliza razvijala u različitim smjerovima, te je stručno i znanstveno i praktično aktualna još danas. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati moderne psihoanalitičke škole i njihove predstavnike sa praktičnim primjerima korištenja psihoanalitičkih tehnika u liječenju pojedinih psihijatrijskih poremećaja, prikazati novu granu neuropsihoanalize koja predstavlja most između neuroznanosti i psihoanalize, te se dotaknuti utjecaja psihoanalize na modernu umjetnost.Psychoanalysis is a psychotherapeutic technique based on studying a person's past experiences to interpret their thoughts, dreams and actions, as well as their current state of mind. The most important part of an individual’s psychological functioning is governed by an unconscious process which is by this method, in classical sense, transferred into conscious thinking to be analysed and resolved. The method was founded by Sigmund Freud in the 19th century and has evolved ever since in different directions remaining very popular both in clinical practice and scientific theory. The goal of this paper is to give as review of the main modern psychoanalytical theories along with their representatives and examples in treating various psychiatric disorders, to give a short review of a new area called neuropsychoanalysis, which is the bridge between neuroscience and psychoanalysis, and also to remark upon the influence of psychoanalysis on modern art