Environmental aspect of production and implementation of retail ready packaging

Na svjetskom tržištu se sve više proizvodi i upotrebljava pakiranje spremno za maloprodaju. Radi se o inovaciji u proizvodnji ambalaže i u maloprodaji koju su nametnula velika svjetska maloprodajna poduzeća kao što su Tesco i Aldi. Pakiranje spremno za maloprodaju je pakiranje koje je dizajnom i dimenzijama prilagođeno transportu, skladištenju i izlaganju u prodavaonicama. Proizvodi unutar pakiranja spremnog za maloprodaju putuju u istom pakiranju kroz cijeli opskrbni lanac, odnosno od dobavljača, preko posrednika do trgovaca i kupaca. Kako je koncentriranost trgovine na tržištu sve veća, pregovaračka moć dobavljača sve više slabi u odnosu na trgovce. Dobavljači implementiraju RRP u svoje poslovanje prema zahtjevima trgovaca koji nastoje smanjiti troškove rada. RRP za dobavljače predstavlja dodatni trošak jer ni kupci ni trgovci nisu spremni plaćati višu cijenu zbog proizvoda koji su u RRP-u. Većina proizvođača ambalaže se okreće proizvodnji RRP-a i ulažu u proizvodnu tehnologiju kako bi pratili rastući trend proizvodnje i potražnje za RRP-om. RRP je najzastupljeniji u prehrambenoj industriji, iako se standardiziranjem pakiranja nastoje obuhvatiti sve kategorije proizvoda. Rad se bavi istraživanjem ekološkog aspekta implementacije i proizvodnje RRP-a te koje on prednosti donosi sudionicima opskrbnog lanca. Pakiranje se proizvodi od recikliranog materijala ili od celuloze strogo kontroliranog porijekla. Osim uštede na materijalu, RRP donosi znatne uštede i na troškovima prijevoza, skladištenja i smanjuje količinu otpada. Opisan je slijed širenja RRP-a i potvrđena relacija između vremena implementacije i stupnja razvijenosti, odnosno modifikacije RRP-a. Naime, što je RRP uveden ranije, to je stupanj modifikacije RRP-a i korištenja veći za različite kategorije proizvoda. U skladu s navedenim, RRP se najviše koristi u zemljama Zapadne Europe, a nešto manje je prihvaćen u Sjevernoj i Južnoj Americi te Australiji, dok je stupanj zastupljenosti RRP-a u zemljama Afrike i Azije zanemariv.The concept of retail-ready-packaging is been increasingly produced and used in retail and paper packaging on the world market. It is an innovation in paper packaging and retail that is imposed on large retail companies such as Tesco and Aldi. The design and dimensions of retail ready packaging are adjusted to transportation, storge and in-store presentation. Products within the retail ready packaging are being transported in it through the whole supply chain e.g. from suppliers and intermediaries to retailers and customers. As the concentration of trade increases, the bargaining power of manufacturers is weakening compared to traders. Manufacturers are implementing RRP according to the requirements of traders who want to reduce labor costs. RRP is for manufacturers an additional cost because neither buyers nor traders are willing to pay higher prices for products packed in RRP. Most packaging manufacturers are turning to RRP production and invest in production technology to track the growing trend of production and demand for RRP. RRP is most common in the food industry, but RRP is being more standardized to cover all product categories. The study examines the environmental aspects od production and implementation of RRP and its benefits to the participants in the supply chain. RRP is produced from recycled materials or from cellulose which origin is strictly controlled. In addition to reduce material costs, RRP significant reduces costs of transport, storage and reduces waste. The sequence of development of RRP is also described and the relation between the time of implementation and the stage of development is confirmed. Specifically, if the RRP is implemented earlier, the stage of development and the stage of use is higher. According to this, RRP is most used in Western Europe and least used in North and South America and Australia, while the stage of representation of RRP in the countries of Africa and Asia is negligible