Stomach cancer

Unatoč smanjenju incidencije u posljednjim desetljećima, karcinom želudca još uvijek zauzima visoko peto mjesto po učestalosti pojavljivanja, a treće mjesto po smrtnosti u ukupnom broju karcinoma, te se procjenjuje da zbog njega godišnje u svijetu umire više od 700 000 oboljelih. Karcinom želudca bolest je pretežito starije životne dobi, no njegova učestalost u mlađoj populaciji bilježi značajan udio. Etiologija karcinoma želudca još uvijek je nerazjašnjena, ali multifaktorska uzročnost u razvoju ove maligne bolesti je nedvojbena. Premda je genetska predispozicija neupitno bitna, najveći naglasak se danas stavlja na nepravilnu prehranu i neuravnotežen način života kao iznimno bitne moguće štetne čimbenike za obolijevanje od spomenute bolesti. Uz to, dokazana je etiopatogenetska veza između karcinoma želudca i infekcije bacilom Helicobacter pylori. Klinička slika karcinoma želudca uvelike ovisi o stadiju u kojem se bolest nalazi, te pokazuje široku paletu znakova i simptoma, od kojih je najveći broj - nespecifičan. To je ujedno i razlog najčešćeg otkrivanja karcinoma želudca u kasnijim stadijima bolesti, kada se maligna bolest već proširila. Terapija izbora za liječenje karcinoma želudca je kirurška. Različite podvrste karcinoma želudca pokazuju različite morfološke i kliničke osobitosti, te sukladno tomu, zahtijevaju i različite načine kirurškog liječenja.Despite decreased incidency of stomach cancer in last few decades, it still occupies high, fifth place by frequency and third by mortality between all cancers in the world, and more than 700 000 people with diagnosed stomach cancer die every year. Although stomach cancer is still the type of cancer mostly diagnosed in older population, the part of young population with this disease can not be ignored. Etiology of stomach cancer is still unknown, but, multifactorial causality is considered as a key for developing this malignant disease. Genetic predisposition is surely relevant, yet, unproper nutrition and non-balanced lifestyle are considered as probably one of the most important risk factors for this disease. Also, there is evidenced etiopathogenic relation between infection with bacillus Helicobacter pylori and development of stomach cancer. Clinical symptoms of stomach cancer are various, and depend about the stadium of disease, but, although there are many signs and symptoms connected with it, most of them are - unspecific. It is also one of the main reasons why the cancer is mostly recognized in later stadium, when it has already spread around. The main treatment for stomach cancer is surgery. Different subtypes of stomach cancer are presented with different morphological characteristics and clinical symptoms, and, according to that, require different access in surgical treatment