Bacteria of Clostridium Genera and Toxico - Infections

Bakterije roda Clostridium široko su rasprostranjene u prirodi, stoga se mogu pronaći u vodi, zraku, tlu, prašini, ljudskom probavnom sustavu. Najznačajniji pripadnici ovog roda su Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum i Clostridium difficile. Kontaminacija hrane ovim sporogenim bakterijama predstavlja veliku prijetnju za ljudsko zdravlje, posebno ako se konzumira higijenski neispravna, termički dovoljno neobrađena ili podgrijavana hrana. Osim toga, konzumacija dimljene ribe, kobasica, pršuta i drugih suhomesnatih proizvoda predstavlja potencijalni rizik. U ovom radu opisuju se najznačajnije vrste bakterija roda Clostridium, njihova svojstva i uvjeti potrebni za rast, spore i toksini, bolesti koje izazivaju, metode detekcije te moguća primjena ovih bakterija u medicini i farmaciji.Bacteria of genus Clostridium are highy spread in wild and they can be found in water, air, soil and human digestive trackt. Most significant members of this genius are: Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum and C.difficile. Food contamination with this sporogenic bacteria presents great threat for human health, especially if consumed after food is unhygienic, insufficiently thermally processed or additional heated processes. Except from that, consumate of smoked fish, sausages, persuto and other dehidrated meat products presents potencial risk. In this paper the most common species of genius Clostridium, their characteristics, growth requirements, spores, toxins and illnesses they cause are described. Methods for bacterial detection and shown possible applications of these bacteria in medicine and pharmacy are also presented