Metode rješavanja problemskih zadataka

Tema ovog rada su metode za rješavanje problemskih zadataka. U radu su dana tri pristupa za poučavanje rješavanja problema: poučavanje o rješavanju problema, poučavanje za rješavanje problema i poucavanje putem rjesavanja problema. Svaki pristup donosi korisne i bitne činjenice za učenikovo znanje i razvijanje sposobnosti za rješavanje problemskog zadatka, a tako i stvarnih životnih situacija. Opisano je i rješavanje problema u četiri koraka prema poznatom matematičaru Georgeu Polyau. Dano je i opisano jedanaest strategija pomoću kojih se brže i lakše dolazi do rješenja odredenog problema. Svaka metoda je alat kojeg učenici koriste prilikom rješavanja problemskih zadataka. Navedeni su korisni primjeri problemskih zadataka za osnovnu školu te su razmatrana glavna pitanja koja utječu na učenje i rješavanje problema. Objašnjena je i uloga učitelja koji organizira, motivira i usmjeruje učenike na pravilno korištenje znanja i informacija.The purpose of this master thesis is to show the methods of solving problems. In this paper the three approaches to the teaching of problem solving are given: teaching about problem solving, teaching for problem solving and teaching through problem solving. Each approach oers substantial and relevant facts to students' knowledge and developing competencies for solving problem, as well as real life situations. Four principles of problem solving identied by well-known mathematician George Polya are also described. Eleven strategies for reaching a solution to a certain problem by faster and easier means are also given and described. Each method is a tool which students use while solving problem. Useful problem examples for primary school students are enumerated and the main issues that aect learning and problem solving are examined. The role of a teacher, who organizes, motivates and directs students to properly use their knowledge and information, is also illustrated