Education, Culture, Conditioning

Odgoju možemo pristupati na više načina ovisno o tome što postavljamo kao cilj odgoja. Ako za cilj imamo osiguravanje interesa države ili podjelu društva prema ulogama, onda odgoju pristupamo iz Platonove perspektive. S druge strane, ako za cilj imamo potpuni razvoj osobe prema njenim prirodnim predispozicijama, odgoju pristupamo iz perspektive J. J. Rousseaua. Oba pristupa imaju svoje prednosti i nedostatke, ali u suvremeno doba čini se da Rousseauov naturalistički pristup ima prednost pred tradicionalnim Platonovim. Još jedno ključno pitanje za čovjeka s kojim se susrećemo je problem kulturne evolucije i njenog širenja društvom. Na svijetu postoji veliki broj kultura, svaka razvijena na svoj način. Neke pojave unutar kulture se zadržavaju kratko, dok druge ostaju i prenose se generacijama. Memetika i epidemiologija reprezentacija dva su modela kojima se pokušava objasniti fenomen kulture i na koji način se ona širi. Odgoj i kultura imaju izniman utjecaj na čovjeka i utječu na njegovo ponašanje. U ovom kontekstu govorimo o uvjetovanju, kada kultura odgojem oblikuje čovjeka kako bi se ponašao prema poželjnim vrijednostima, normama i pravilima.There are many ways in which we can approach the question of upbringing depending on what we set as a goal. If we have the interests of the state at heart, then we approach the process of upbringing from Plato's perspective. On the other side, if we set as a goal the complete development of a person according to it's natural predispositions, we approach the process of upbringing from the perspective of J. J. Rousseau. Both these approaches have it's advantages and disadvantages, but in contemporary times it seems as if the naturalistic approach of Rousseau has the upper hand compared to the traditional approach of Plato. Another crucial question for humans we encounter each day is the question of the cultural evolution and the way it spreads through society. There are many cultures in the world, each developed in it's own way. Some phenomena have short periods of existence inside one culture while other remain and are being transmitted for generations. Memetics and epidemiology of representations are two models which try to explain the cultural phenomenon and in which way it spreads through society. Both upbringing and culture have immense influence on humans and they also influence their behaviour. In this context we are talking about conditioning, when culture shapes human behaviour through the process of upbringing to make humans behave according desired values, norms and rules