Analgetici u dentalnoj medicini

Bol je najčešći razlog zbog kojeg bolesnici traže pomoć doktora dentalne medicine. Ta bol može biti simptom određenih patoloških procesa ili biti simptom koji se javlja nakon postupaka liječenja. Doktor dentalne medicine mora dijagnosticirati uzrok bola, potom provesti liječenje, a analgetike koristiti kao dodatno sredstvo. Svrha ovog rada bila je kroz pregled literature istražiti analgetike i njihovu primjenu u dentalnoj medicini. Kontrola boli u dentalnoj medicini obuhvaća upotrebu neopioidinih (nesterodini protuupalni lijekovi i paracetamol) i opiodinih analgetika, te njihove kombinacije. Nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi pružaju i dobro analgetsko i protuupalno djelovanje, ali s njima treba biti na oprezu jer su za određene skupine bolesnika kontraindicirani. Najupotrebljivaniji nesterodini protuupalni lijek je ibuprofen. Paracetamol uz analgetsko ne posjeduje protuupalno djelovanje, međutim, ima rijetke i blage neželjene učinke, te je lijek koji se jako dobro podnaša, pa je siguran za djecu, trudnice i bolesnike koji ne podnose nesteroidne analgetike. Opioidini analgetici imaju veoma moćan učinak analgezije, ali isto tako i značajne neželjene učinke od kojih je najistaknutiji stvaranje ovisnosti, stoga su rezervirani samo za izuzetno jake bolove koji se koji se uz pomoć neopioidnih analgetika ne mogu smanjiti. U domeni dentalne medicine koristi ih se uglavnom u kombinaciji s neopioidnim analgeticima. Protokol propisivanja analgetika sličan je u svim granama dentalne medicine i uglavnom se bazira na intenzitetu boli i medicinskoj anamnezi bolesnika, međutim neka patološka stanja ili liječidbeni postupci u određenim granama dentalne medicine zahtjevaju analgetskiPain is the most common reason patients seek dental help. This pain can be a symptom of certain pathological processes, or be a symptom that occurs after treatment procedures. Dentist diagnoses the cause of pain, implements the treatment and uses analgesics as an additional tool. The purpose of this study was to investigate the literature for analgesics and their use in dentistry. Pain control in dentistry comprises using non-opioid (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol), opioid analgesics, and combinations of non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provide good analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, but they should be used carefully because of the certain groups of patients that are contraindicated. The most used non-steroidal analgesic is ibuprofen. Paracetamol except analgesic doesn’t have anti-inflammatory activity, but side effects connected with paracetamol are very rare and mild. It’s a drug that is very well tolerated so it is safe for children, pregnant women and patients who do not tolerate non-steroidal analgesics. Opioid analgesics have a very powerful effect of analgesia, but also significant side effects, most notably addiction, so opioids are reserved for very severe pain that can’t be reduced with non-opioid analgesics. In the field of dental medicine they are used mainly in combination with non-opioid analgesics. Protocol of prescribing analgesics is similar in all branches of dental medicine and is mainly based on the intensity of the pain and the medical history of patients, but some pathological condition or therapeutic procedures in certain branches of dental medicin