Effects of different rootstocks and planting distances on phenolic compounds of Regina sweet cherry cultivar

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti masene udjele ukupnih fenola, ukupnih antocijana te antioksidacijski kapacitet u plodovima trešanja (Prunus avium L.) sorte Regina uzgojene na dvije podloge (Weiroot 72 i Gisela 3) s 3 razmaka sadnje (1,5 m; 2,0 m i 2,5 m), te ispitati postoji li povezanost između udjela ukupnih fenola i antocijana s antioksidativnim kapacitetom. Ukupni fenoli određeni su primjenom Folin-Ciocalteu metode, ukupni antocijani primjenom pH diferencijalne metode te antioksidacijski kapacitet primjenom FRAP metode. Maseni udio ukupnih fenola kretao se u rasponu od 151,075 i 306,005 mg/100 g,ukupnih antocijana od 25,43 do 36,86 mg/100 g i AOC od 1,265 do 2,89 μmol TE/100 g. Također su identificirane pojedinačne fenolne kiseline i antocijani primjenom HPLC-a. Glavne fenolne kiseline u trešnjama su neoklorogenska (9,29-11,58 mg/100g), p-kumarinska (10,04-13,56 mg/100g) i klorogenska kiselina (1,08-1,86 mg/100g), a antocijani cijanidin-3-rutinozid (18,59-27,6 mg/100g) te cijanidin-3-glukozid (1,79-3,37 mg/100g). Utvrđeno je kako ne postoje značajne razlike u sadržaju ukupnih fenola i antocijana između podloga Weiroot 72 i Gisela 3, dok su na razmaku sadnje 1,5 m izmjereni veći maseni udjeli (p≤0.05). Također je utvrđeno da postoji pozitivna korelacije između masenog udjela antocijana i antioksidacijskog kapaciteta izmjerenih na podlozi Weiroot 72(r=0,989).The aim of this study was to determine the mass fractions of total phenolics, anthocyanins and to analyze antioxidant capacity in Regina sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L.) grown on 2 different rootstocks with 3 different planting distances (1,5 m; 2,0 and 2,5 m) and to examine whether there is a correlation between the proportion of total phenolics and anthocyanins with antioxidant capacity. Total phenolics were determined using the Folin Ciocalteu method, total anthocyanins using the pH differential method and antioxidant capacity using the FRAP method. The mass fractions of total phenolics ranged from 151,075 to 306,005 mg/100 g, from 25,43 to 36,86 mg/100 g for anthocyanins, and from 1,265 to 2,89 μmol TE/100 g for AOC. Individual phenolic acids and anthocyanins were also identified using HPLC. The major phenolic acids in sweet cherries were neochlorogenic acid (9,29-11,58 mg/100g), p-coumaric acid (10,04-13,56 mg/100g) and chlorogenic acid (1,08-1,86 mg/100g), and anthocyanins cyanidin-3-rutinoside (18,59-27,6 mg/100g) and cyanidin-3-glukoside ((1,79-3,37 mg/100g). It was determined that there are no significant differences in the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins between rootstocks Weiroot 72 and Gisela 3, while planting distance 1,5 m measured higher concentracions (p≤0.05). It was also found that there is a positive correlation between mass fractions of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity measured on rootstock Weiroot 72