Comparison of biological traits of three breeding lines of Carniolan bee (Apis mellifera carnica P. 1879)

U suvremenom se pčelarstvu najviše pozornosti posvećuje povećanju gospodarske koristi, stoga pčelarska proizvodnja uvelike ovisi o selekciji. Naime, u selekciji pčela brzina proljetnog razvoja, intenzitet rojenja, agresivnost, mirnoća pčela na saću, proizvodnost i tolerantnost na bolesti su najvažnija svojstva koja se koriste kao kriteriji u različitim selekcijskim programima. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio usporediti dinamiku razvoja legla, broj pčela na saću, jakost, ponašanje i prinos meda između pčelinjih zajednica od triju uzgojnih linija (A, B, C) sive pčele (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879). Istraživanje je bilo provedeno na ukupno devet pčelinjih zajednica, po tri zajednice od svake uzgojne linije. Svakih 15 dana na svakoj pokusnoj zajednici pratila se jakost pčelinjih zajednica, broj pčela na saću i dinamika razvoja legla „Liebefeld“ metodom, a ponašanje pčela kroz agresivnost, mirnoću pčela na saću i rojidbeni nagon prema standardnom kriteriju (Ruttner, 1972). Također se utvrdio i prinos meda po pčelinjoj zajednici između istraživanih linija. U istraživanju su ustanovljene statistički značajne razlike između uzgojnih linija A (18 734) i B (14 935) i linija B i C (19 312) u prosječnom broju pčela na saću, međutim ona nije utvrđena s obzirom na dinamiku razvoja legla. S obzirom na jakost pčelinjih zajednica utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između uzgojnih linija B (39 202) i C (50 334). U ponašanju pčela (agresivnost i mirnoću pčela na saću) između uzgojnih linija nije bila utvrđena statistički značajna razlika, dok je kod rojidbenog nagona bila utvrđena između uzgojnih linija A (2,90) i C (3,54), te B (2,58) i C. S obzirom na prosječni prinos meda između uzgojnih linija nije bila utvrđena statistički značajna razlika.In modern beekeeping the most attention is focused on increasing economic benefits, so the beekeeping production greatly depends on selection. In the selection of honey bees, the most important biological traits used as criteria in different selection programs are the speed of spring development, swarming tendency, aggressiveness, calmness on the comb, productivity and tolerance to diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of brood developement, number of bees on the comb, strength, behavior and honey production between honey bee colonies from three breeding lines of Carniolan bee (Apis mellifera carnica P.,1879). The study was conducted on a total of nine colonies, three colonies per three breeding lines (A, B and C). The colony strength, number of bees on the comb and development of brood were observed by the Liebefeld method every 15 days on each experimental colony and the behavior of the bees through aggressiveness, calmness on the comb and the swarming tendency was evaluated according to the standard criterion (Ruttner, 1972). Also, the honey production per colony was compared between the investigated lines. The results have revealed statistically significant differences between breeding lines A (18 734) and B (14 935), and lines B and C (19 312) in the average number of bees on the comb but were not determined for dynamics of brood development. A statistically significant difference between breeding lines B (39 202) and C (50 334) was established for the strength of the honey bee colonies. There was no statistically significant difference between the breeding lines for the aggressiveness and calmness on comb, while in the case of the swarming tendency it was observed between breeding lines A (2,90) and C (3,54), and B (2,58) and C. Considering the average honey yield the statistically significant difference between the breeding lines was not determined.