Social conditions of the emergence of utopian thinking

Utopije su privlačile pozornost mnogih, te su često bile predmetom raznih analiza, a razvijali su se i pristupi o načinima promatranja istih. Jedan od pristupa promatranja utopija koji je korišten u ovome radu je način koji je iznio Rade Kalanj, a on govori o promatranju na četiri različita načina. Ti načini promišljanja su: filozofska refleksija, promatranje utopije kao žanr, sociološka analiza društvenih uvjeta koji proizvode potrebu za utopijskim mišljenjem i objektivno određuju njegovo socijalno značenje, te povijest ideja ili kulturna povijest. U ovome radu najviše riječi bilo je o sociološkom načinu promatranja. U radu su dani kratki sažeci Platonove "Države", "Utopije" Thomasa Morea, te utopističke ideje socijalnog utopista Charlesa Fouriera. Njihovo djelovanje stavljeno je u kontekst doba u kojemu su pisali, te zbog čega proizlaze moguće potrebe za pisanjem utopija. Na kraju rada govori se o stanju današnjih utopija, i načinu na koji se utopije danas manifestiraju.Utopias have attracted the attention of many throughout the history. They were often subject to various analyses, and many approaches were developed as a way of observing them. The approach to observe utopia that was used in this paper is one developed by by Rade Kalanj. He explains four different ways of observing utopias, and these ways of thinking are: philosophical reflection, observation of utopia as a genre, the sociological analysis of the social conditions that produce the need for utopian thinking and objectively determine its social significance, and the history of ideas and cultural history. In this paper, the approach which was used the most was the sociological way of observation. The paper summarises some of utopias mostly known to the western world, such as Plato's "Republic", "Utopia" by Thomas More, and utopian ideas of social utopist Charles Fourier. Their works are placed in the context of the time in which they were writing, and therefore derive possible need for a utopian writing. At the end of this paper we look at the state of today's utopia and the way that utopia today manifest is being discussed