Benefit microorganisms as an alternative to chemical fungicides

U svrhu zadovoljavanja tržišnih zahtjeva po pitanju rastuće organske proizvodnje, od presudne je važnosti razvoj biološke kontrole. Najčešći mehanizmi djelovanja korisnih mikroorganizama su: kompeticija, proizvodnja metabolita te mikoparazitizam. Mikrobiološki biofungicidi su u kompeticiji sa patogenim gljivama za hranu i prostor, stimuliraju sam proces odbrane biljaka te utječu na rast korijena. Trichoderma hrazianum se nalazi u biofungicidu Trihodex za suzbijanje sive truleži. Gliocladium spp. se iskazao kao efektan u suzbijanju B. cinerea, B. allii i F. oxysporum. Coniothyrium minitans se pokazao djelotvoran protiv Sclerotinia sp. Prednosti uporabe biopreparata se očituju u smanjenju uporabe konvencionalnih pesticida bez smanjenja prinosa. Oni djeluju samo na ciljane organizme i neopasni su za čovjeka. Postupak registracije im je jednostavniji i kraći, traje manje od godinu dana. Neki od nedostataka su kratkotrajno i sporo djelovanje te uži spektar djelovanja, fotolabilnost te ovisnost o klimatskim faktorima. Od registriranih preparata u RH mogu se izdvojiti sljedeći: Trichodex, AQ 10, Serenade WP.In order to meet market requirements in terms of the growing organic farming, is crucial the development of biological control. The most common mechanisms of action of beneficial microorganisms are: competition, production of metabolites and micoparasitism. Microbial biofungicides are in competition with pathogenic fungi for food and space, stimulate the process itself of defense plants and affect the growth of roots. Trichoderma hrazianum is located in Trihodex to combat the gray rot. Gliocladium spp. had proved effective in combating B. cinerea, B. allie and F. oxysporum. Coniothyrium minitans has proven to be effective against Sclerotinia sp. The advantages of using bioproducts are reflected in the reduction of the use of conventional pesticides without reducing yield. They act only on target organisms and non-hazardous for humans. The registration procedure of them is much simpler and shorter, lasting less than a year. Some of the disadvantages are short-lived and slow action and a narrower range of activities, photolability and dependence on climatic factors. Of registered products in the Republic of Croatia may be allocated as follows: Trichodex, AQ 10, Serenade WP