Sinteza i IR spektroskopska analiza aspirina i paracetamola

Cilj rada je sintetizirati organske spojeve acetilsalicilnu kiselinu i acetaminofen i okarakterizirati ih snimanjem njihovih IR spektara. Ova tema je izabrana radi boljeg upoznavanja povijesti, načina dobivanja i karakteristika dvaju najpoznatijih farmaceutskih proizvoda današnjice – aspirina i paracetamola,te korištenja IR spektroskopije kao instrumentalne analize koja se, među ostalim, često primjenjuje u analizi poznatih organskih spojeva. Oba spoja dobivena su reakcijama esterifikacije. Aspirin® je dobiven reakcijom acetatnog anhidrida i salicilne kiseline uz mineralnu kiselinu kao katalizator. Paracetamol je dobiven reakcijom acetatnog anhidrida i p-aminofenola, također u kiseloj sredini. Mehanizam takvih reakcija je nukleofilna adicija-eliminacija. Eksperimentalno iskorištenje za aspirin je 50.5%, a za paracetamol 36.3%. Snimljeni su IR spektri dobivenih spojeva te je uočeno dobro preklapanje sa literaturnim spektrima. Ovim radom se dokazalo da su aspirin i paracetamol lijekovi koje je lako dobiti iz jeftinih sirovina, a zbog svojih svojstava, sigurni za upotrebu kod većine ljudi (iznimka su osobe s ozbiljnim gastrointestinalnim tegobama).The aim of this work is to synthesise organic compounds, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol and to characterize them by infrared spectroscopy. This topic is chosen to understand better the history, methods for synthesis and characteristics of two of the most famous contemporary drugs - aspirin and paracetamol, and to apply IR spectroscopy as an important instrumental method that can be used in analysis of known organic compounds. Both compounds were prepared through esterification reactions. Aspirin® is obtained from the reaction of acetic anhydride with salicylic acid and mineral acid as a catalyst. Paracetamol is obtained from the reaction of acetic anhydride with p-aminophenol, also with mineral acid as catalyst. Mechanism of both reactions is described as nucleofilic addition-elimination. The obtained yield for aspirin is 51%, and for paracetamol 36%. IR spectra of obtained compounds were recorded and they are in accordance with literature spectra. It was proved that aspirin and paracetamol are drugs that can be easily obtained from cheap chemicals, and it is known that due to their properties most people can safely use them (excluding people with serious gastrointestinal difficulties)