THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Ujedinjeni narodi su nastali na ruševinama Lige naroda i međunarodne zajednice nakon Drugog svjetskog rata. Liga naroda zbog svoje neučinkovitosti i neefikasnosti bila je ukinuta, a njezinu zadaću preuzeo je UN, koji je osnovan s prvenstvenim ciljem, vidljivim već iz prvih riječi Povelje: da se spasi „buduće naraštaje od užasa rata“. Ujedinjeni su narodi organizacija država, a članovi organizacije mogu biti samo države. Za stupanje u članstvo Ujedinjenih naroda u Povelji su postavljeni određeni uvjeti. Članovima Ujedinjenih naroda prema čl. 4., st. 1. Povelje mogu postati sve ostale miroljubive države koje prihvate obveze sadržane u Povelji i koje su po ocijeni Organizacije sposobne i voljne izvršavati te obveze. Specijalizirane ustanove ustanovljene su ugovorima koje su sklopile izvorne države članice. U tim ugovorima su propisane njezine nadležnosti, članstvo i organi. Većina tih ugovora razlikuje iskonske i naknadno primljene članove. Danas poznajemo petnaest specijaliziranih ustanova koje su i tema ovoga rada. Za njih se zna reći kako pripadaju ”obitelji UN-a“. Specijalizirane ustanove ustanovljene su ugovorima koje su sklopile izvorne države članice. U tim ugovorima su propisane njezine nadležnosti, članstvo i organi.The United Nations were founded on the ruins of the League of Nations and the international community after the Second World War. The League of Nations was abolished due to its inefficiency, while its tasks were taken over by the United Nations. This organisation was established with the main objective presented in the first lines of the Charter to protect ¨the furure generations from the horrors of war˝. The United Nations is an intergovernmental organisation whose members can only be independent countries. There are certain terms which have to be fulfilled to become a member of this organisation. These terms are given in the Charter.According to the Charter (Article 4, Paragraph 1), all the peaceful countries which accept the terms given in the Charter and which are willing and capable to fulfill them, can become members of the United Nations. Specialised facilities (councils) were established by the agreements made by the member states. These agreements have defined its jurisdiction, membership and organs. Most of the agreements make a distinction between the original and later-accepted members. There are 15 specialised facilities which are the topic of this paper. They are commonly referred to as members of ˝the UN family˝. The specialised facilities were establised through contracts by the original member states. The contracts define the propositions of its jurisdiction, membership and organs