Constitutional Court of Republic Croatia

Na temelju tzv. „božićnog“ Ustava Republike Hrvatske donesenog 22. prosinca 1990. godine uspostavljen je Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske kao posebno tijelo, neovisno od zakonodavne, izvršne i sudbene vlasti čija je osnovna funkcija osigurati zaštitu načela ustavnosti i zakonitosti s posebnim naglaskom na zaštitu temeljnih ljudskih prava i sloboda svakog pojedinca. Ustroj Ustavnog suda propisan je Ustavnim zakonom o Ustavnom sudu Republike Hrvatske te Poslovnikom Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Na temelju istih se sucima Ustavnog suda osigurava samostalnost i neovisnost u njihovom radu koja je ključna za neovisnost samog Ustavnog suda. Prema Ustavu i Ustavnom zakonu o Ustavnom sudu nadležnosti Ustavnog suda su slijedeće: postupak ocjene suglasnosti zakona i propisa sa Ustavom, rješavanja sukoba nadležnosti između zakonodavne, izvršne i sudbene vlasti, odgovornost Predsjednika Republike Hrvatske za povrede Ustava koje počini u tijeku obavljanja svoje dužnosti, nadzor nad djelovanjem političkih stranka, nadzor nad provođenjem izbora i državnog referenduma, te naposljetku postupak podnošenja ustavne tužbe kao posebnog sredstva zaštite zajamčenih temeljnih ljudskih prava i sloboda svakog pojedinca, koja se podnosi nakon što je iscrpljen redovan pravni put isključivo radi povrede ustavnih prava. O poslovima iz svoje nadležnosti Ustavni sud odlučuje odlukama i rješenjima. Navedeni akti su obvezatni i djeluju erga omnes prema svim fizičkim i pravnim osobama te je u radu prikazan postupak donošenja kao i distinkcije između tih akata. Uloga Ustavnog suda kao čuvara Ustava i vladavine prava neophodna je u svakoj demokratskoj, ustavnoj državi.Based on the so-called "Christmas" Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, which was adopted on December 22, 1990, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia was established as a separate body, independent of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities whose primary function is to ensure the protection of constitutionality and legality with special emphasis on the protection of fundamental human rights and freedom of every individual. The constitution of the Constitutional Court is prescribed by the Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia and the Rules of Procedure of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. Based on the same, judges of the Constitutional Court ensure autonomy and independence in their work. The procedures under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court are: the process of assessing the conformity of laws and regulations with the Constitution, resolving conflicts of jurisdiction between legislative, executive and judiciary authorities, the responsibility of the President of the Republic of Croatia for violations of the constitution that he performs during his duties, monitoring of the political party, monitoring of the elections and the state referendum, and finally the process of submitting the constitutional complaint as a special protection instrument by the Constitution of guaranteed fundamental human rights and freedoms guaranteed of each individual that is submitted after exhausting the legal path exclusively for the violation of constitutional rights. The Constitutional Court decides on decisions and resolutions on matters within its jurisdiction.. These acts are compulsory and act erga omnes to all natural and legal persons and the paper presents the procedure for passing that distinction between these acts. The role of the Constitutional Court as guardian of the Constitution and Rule of Law is indispensable in every democratic, constitutional state