IDEOLOGY IN LANGUAGE

Odnos ideologije i jezika široko je područje istraživanja i nemoguće je obuhvatiti sve vidove njihova preklapanja, stoga ovaj rad sadrži samo nekoliko odabranih tema. U uvodnom dijelu rada raspravlja se o samom pojmu ideologija i o njegovoj negativnoj percepciji u javnom diskursu, ideologiju se povezuje s jezikom i predstavljaju se mogući odnosi između tih dvaju pojmova. U drugom poglavlju govori se o ideologiji nacionalnog jezika koja je imala veliku ulogu u stvaranju mnogih država-nacija te o temeljima te snažne ideologije. Na primjeru Katalonije raspravlja se o posljedicama djelovanja jezično-nacionalističke ideologije na današnju jezičnu situaciju u toj autonomnoj zajednici. U posljednjem odlomku ovog poglavlja govorimo o njezinu utjecaju u današnjoj Europi i o njezinu djelovanju na razini regije. U trećem poglavlju predstavljamo drugu jezičnu ideologiju koja je oblikovala opće poimanje jezika – ideologiju standardnog jezika. Raspravlja se o tome kako je uopće došlo do prevlasti jednog (formalnog) dijalekta nad ostalima te kako ta prevlast još i danas ima snažan utjecaj na samoidentifikaciju i društveni uspjeh mnogih ljudi. Zatim se govori o negativnom aspektu te ideologije, odnosno o diskriminaciji onih koji ne slijede pravila standardnog jezika. Posljednje poglavlje posvećeno je suprotnoj vezi ideologije i jezika, odnosno situaciji u kojoj jezik služi održanju određenih političkih ideologija. Za primjer se uzima diskurs u Hrvatskom saboru u dvama razdobljima njegova djelovanja te preispitujemo opstojnost ideološkog leksika u različitim vremenima, odnosno podložnost ideologije promjenama. Rad završava raspravom o jeziku danas aktualnih svjetskih ideologija.The relationship of ideology and language is a wide area of research and it is impossible to cover all the aspects of the overlapping of these concepts, therefore this paper encompasses only a few selected topics. In the introductory part of the paper, we discuss the very concept of ideology and the reason of its notoriety within the public discourse. Ideology is then connected to language, and the possible relations between the two concepts are presented. In the second chapter, we talk about the ideology of a national language, which has had an enormous part in the creation of many nation-states, and about the basis of this powerful ideology. Next, for the purpose of demonstration, the example of Catalonia is introduced and we discuss the effects of the influence that the ideology of linguistic nationalism has had on the present-day linguistic situation in Catalonia. In the last part of this chapter, we talk about its influence in present-day Europe and its impact at a regional level. In the third chapter, another linguistic ideology is presented which shaped the general understanding of language – standard language ideology. We discuss how is it even possible for one (formal) dialect to subjugate the others and how this phenomenon affects the self-identification and social success of many people to this day. Furthermore, we talk about the negative aspect of this ideology, that is, about the discrimination against people who do not speak the standard variety of a language. The last chapter is dedicated to an opposite connection between ideology and language, that is, a situation where language is used for the preservation of certain political ideologies. To demonstrate, we will analyse the discourse of the Croatian Parliament during two sessions. We will find out whether the ideological lexis remains the same or, perhaps, whether ideologies are susceptible to change. This paper ends with a discussion on the language of the current world ideologies