Properties of mixtures of biobutanol and motor fuel blending components

Povećanjem broja vozila raste i potrošnja motornoga benzina, što dovodi do porasta onećišćenja okoliša i veće potrebe za naftom. Da bi se zadovoljili sve stroži zakonski propisi i da bi se dobilo gorivo dobre kvalitete, nameću se procesi obrade motornih goriva kojima se povećava kvaliteta goriva i smanjuje štetni utjecaj na okoliš. Zbog smanjenja emisija štetnih plinova koji nastaju prilikom izgaranja goriva u benzinskim i dizelovim motorima, javlja se veća potreba za biogorivima, odnosno traže se alternative za naftu i njene derivate. Najpopularnije biogorivo na tržištu je bioetanol, iako se danas sve više razmatra i biobutanol osobito zbog brojnih prednosti u primjeni u odnosu na etanol. U ovome radu ispitana su svojstva smjesa najznačajnijih mineralnih sastavnica motornog benzina dobivenih rafinerijskom preradbom nafte s izo-butanolom, za kojeg je ustanovljeno da povećava oktanski broj benzina. Pripremljene su mješavine sastavnica motornog benzina: teškog reformat-benzina, FCC-benzina, izomerizat-benzina, alkilat-benzina i izo-butanola u volumnim omjerima: 100/0; 97,5/2,5; 95/5; 92,5/7,5; 90/10; 85/15; 75/25; 50/50; 0/100. Eksperimentalno su ispitana sljedeća svojstva, prema normiranim metodama: gustoća, tlak para, destilacijska krivulja pri atmosferskom tlaku. Za lake naftne frakcije gustoća smjesa se povećava s povećanjem udjela izo-butanola, dok se tlak para smanjuje. Hlapljivost samih smjesa, a time i tijek destilacijskih krivulja ovisi o sastavu i svojstvima mineralne sastavnice benzina, a također znatno i o udjelu butanola.By increasing the number of vehicles, consumption of motor gasoline is gowing, which leads to an increase in environmental pollution and the increasing need for oil. In order to meet the ever more stringent regulations and to obtain good quality fuel, there are processes for processing motor fuels to increase fuel quality and reduce environmental impact. Due to the reduction of emissions that occur during combustion in gasoline and diesel engines, there is a greater need for biofuels, and searching for alternatives to oil and its derivatives. Most popular biofuel on the market is bioethanol, although today more and more considered is biobutanol, especially because of the advantages in the application in relation to ethanol. This paper has been researching the most important properties of a mixture of mineral constituents of gasoline derived from oil refinery with iso-butanol, who was established to increase the octane number of gasoline. Mixtures of component of gasoline have been prepared : heavy reformate-gasoline, FCC gasoline, isomerizate-gasoline, alkylate-gasoline and isobutanol in a volume ratio: 100/0; 97.5 / 2.5; 95/5; 92.5 / 7.5; 90/10; 85/15; 75/25; 50/50; 0/100. The following characteristics have been tested according to standard methods: density, vapor pressure, distillation curve at atmospheric pressure. For the light petroleum fraction, density of the mixture is increased by increasing the content of isobutanol, while the vapor pressure decreases. The volatiles of the mixture themselves, and thus the flow of the distillation curve is dependent on the composition and properties of the mineral components of gasoline, but also depends of a substantial portion of butanol