Linear optimisation of protein intake for athletes

Budući da su energetske potrebe sportaša veće od energetskih potreba ljudi koji se ne bave aktivno sportom te je nužno prilagoditi prehranu. Kako bi se analizirao i planirao što veći broj dnevnih ponuda sportaša, primijenjena je računalna analiza i planiranje jelovnika. U tu svrhu je korištena digitalna baza kemijskog sastava hrvatskih namirnica. Analizirano je 7 dnevnih jelovnika osobe koja se rekreativno bavi sportom. Dnevni jelovnik je sačinjavao zajutrak, doručak, ručak, užina i večera. Prema prosječnim vrijednostima utvrđeni su nutrijenti čiji unos nije u skladu sa RDA, a posebno se nastojao zadovoljiti omjer unosa proteina biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla. Budući da su pojedini dnevni jelovnici značajno odstupali u unosu energije ili zastupljenošću pojedinog nutrijenta bilo je nužno planirati jelovnike od navedenih obroka čije kombinacije će zadovoljiti energetske i nutritivne potrebe sportaša. U tu svrhu je korišten program LINDO. Ograničenja postavljena za optimalan jelovnik odnosila su se na: unos energije, udio makronutrijenata i unos mikronutrijenata (natrij, kalcij, vitamin C), pri čemu su funkcije cilja bile: (i) konstanta (xi=1), (ii) maksimalan unos proteina. Optimiranje se pokazalo uspješnim, jer su bez obzira na funkcije cilja uspješno predloženi različiti dnevni jelovnici koji zadovoljavaju energetske i nutritivne potrebe promatrane osobe.Since the nutritive needs of athletes are not the same as of people who are not actively involved in sports, for the psychological and physical health of an active individual, it is important to adjust the nutrition and intake of specific nutrients. In order to analyse and plan as many daily menu offers for athletes, computer analysis and menu planning was applied. For this purpose the digital database of chemical composition of the Croatian foods was used. We analysed a weekly menu of an individual who trains recreationally. Each daily menu included: breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack and supper. According to analysis, for the average values were determined nutrients whose intake is not in accordance with the RDA. Specifically was considered the ratio of proteins (vegetable and animal origin). Since some daily menu offers differed significantly in energy and/or the proportion of some nutrient, it was necessary to plan menus that will meet the energy and nutritional needs of this individual. For this purpose the program LINDO was used. Limits set for the optimal menu were related to: energy intake, the proportion of macronutrients and micronutrients intake (sodium, calcium, vitamin C), where the objective function were: (i) constant (x = 1), or (ii) the maximum intake of proteins. The optimization was successful because regardless which goal function was used, the optimal solutions (daily meal offer that will satisfy the individual nutritional needs) were obtained