Effect of naringenin on the viability of HepG2 cells in hyperglycemic conditions

Smatra se da postoji povezanost između šećerne bolesti i oksidativnog stresa, te da je oksidativni stres glavni uzrok razvoju šećerne bolesti preko djelovanja na inzulinsku rezistenciju, toleranciju glukoze i β-stanice. Također se smatra da je oksidativni stres uključen u razvoj komplikacija šećerne bolesti. Iz toga proizlazi mogućnost da bi terapija kojoj je cilj smanjenje oksidativnog stresa koristila oboljelima od šećerne bolesti, kao i onima koji imaju povećani rizik. Hiperglikemija djeluje na razvoj oksidativnog stresa preko nekoliko mehanizama poput autooksidacije glukoze, neenzimske glikacije proteina, oksidativne modifikacije metaloproteina, itd. Oboljeli od šećerne bolesti dugoročno mogu razviti niz mikrovaskularnih bolesti bubrega, mrežnice i živaca. Flavonoidi su velike skupine polifenolnih spojeva sa benzo-γ-pironskom strukturom i rasprostranjeni su u biljkama. Naringenin je flavonon koji se nalazi u citrusnom voću, posebice u grejpu, te u rajčicama i kakau. Utječe na zdravlje čovjeka kao antioksidans i čistač radikala, ima antiinflamatorna svojstva, pospješuje metabolizam ugljikohidrata, te modulira imunološki sustav. Cilj ovog rada je ispitati učinak naringenina kod niskih koncentracija (1000, 100, 10, i 1 μg/mL) na vijabilnost jetrenih HepG2 stanica u hiperglikemijskim uvjetima preko aktivnosti laktat-dehidrogenaze (LDH) i MTT-testa. Kako bi se postiglo stanje hiperglikemije i oksidativnog stresa u HepG2 stanicama, stanice su tretirane s 30 mM otopinom glukoze. Tretiranje stanica niskim koncentracijama naringenina dovelo je do statistički značajnog (P < 0,05) smanjenja aktivnosti laktat-dehidrogenaze (LDH) kod svih naringeninom tretiranih skupina u odnosu na netretiranu dijabetes skupinu. Međutim u slučaju MTT-testa tretiranje niskim koncentracijama naringenina nije dovelo do statistički značajne razlike (P < 0,05) između stanica tretiranih naringeninom i netretirane dijabetes skupine. Rezultati ovog rada upućuju da naringenin pozitivno djeluje na vijabilnost Hep G2 jetrenih stanica u hiperglikemijskim uvjetima pri niskim koncentracijama naringenina.It is believed that there is a link between diabetes and oxidative stress, and that oxidative stress is a major cause in the development of diabetes through effects on insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and beta-cells. It is also believed that oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetic complications. Consequently, there is possibility that a therapy which aims to reduce oxidative stress may be of use to those suffering from diabetes, as well as those who are at increased risk. Hyperglycemia affects the development of oxidative stress through several mechanisms such as auto-oxidation of glucose, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, oxidative modification of metalloproteins, etc. People with diabetes in a long-term can develop a series of microvascular kidney, retina and nerve diseases. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds of the benzo-ă-pyrone structure and are found in plants. The flavanon naringenin is contained in citrus fruits, especially in grapefruit, and tomatoes, and the cocoa. It affects human health as antioxidant and radical scavenger, has anti-inflammatory properties, improves carbohydrate metabolism, and modulates the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of naringenin at low concentrations (1000, 100, 10, and 1 ěg/mL) on the viability of HepG2 liver cells in hyperglycemic conditions by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTT assay. To achieve the condition of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, the cells are treated with a 30 mM glucose solution. Treatment of cells by low concentrations of naringenin led to a statistically significant (P <0.05) decrease in activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in all naringenin-treated groups compared to the untreated diabetic group. However in the case of the MTT assay treatment by low concentrations of naringenin did not result in statistically significant differences (P