Nutrition and hydration in institutionalized patients

Ovaj rad se bavi problematikom prehrane i hidracije institucionaliziranih osoba starije dobi. Hrana nije lijek, ali ima ljekovita svojstva. Pravilna prehrana je najbolja zaštita od mnogih bolesti, s obzirom na to da se primjenom iste preveniraju mnoge bolesti i stvara otpornost organizma prema mnogim bolestima, također se pokazalo da se ovakvim pristupom mogu ublažiti mnoge tegobe kod različitih bolesti, te se može potpomoći liječenje patoloških stanja. Pravilna prehrana mora biti organizirana tako da odgovara biološkim potrebama organizma i stupnju bolesti. Uslijed produljenja ljudskog života, iz godine u godinu, dolazi do povećanog broja osoba starije dobi kojima je potreban neki od oblika kliničke prehrane. Prilagođavanje prehrane prema specifičnim potrebama osoba starije dobi rezultira ne samo boljom kvalitetom života već doprinosi njihovom većem zadovoljstvu, te zdravlju. Važno je imati na umu da se loše prehrambene navike mogu mijenjati i one su kao takve jedan od prioriteta kada govorimo o gerontološkoj preventivnoj djelatnosti. Primjenom odgovarajućih programa prevencije za starije osobe moguće je spriječiti pojavu mnogih bolesti koje se javljaju u starijoj životnoj dobi, te usporiti procese bolesnog starenja i postizanje zdrave dugovječnosti. Jedan od benefita kvalitetne prehrane je i smanjenje troškova ukupne zdravstvene potrošnje. Zaštita zdravlja starijih osoba je glavni pokazatelj napretka ili propusta u zaštiti zdravlja cjelokupnog pučanstva. Planiranje zdravstvene skrbi složen je proces ali je od izuzetnog značaja. Radi konstantnog unaprjeđivanja, praćenja i evaluacije zdravstvenih potreba i funkcionalne sposobnosti starijih osoba, nužno je provoditi edukaciju i mlađih osoba kao i kontinuiranu edukaciju i reedukaciju osoba koje skrbe za starije osobe. U ovom radu su definirani pojmovi poput prehrane i prehrambenih potreba / navika starijih osoba, nutritivnog statusa starijih osoba. Dan je uvid u fiziološke promjene u starijih osoba. U ovom radu je također fokus usmjeren na ulogu medicinskih sestara kada se govori o prehrani starijih osoba, te o hidraciji i dehidraciji. Definirane su sestrinske dijagnoze i intervencije, te je istaknut njihov značaj.This paper deals with the issue of nutrition and hydration of institutionalized elderly people. Food is not a cure but has healing properties. Proper nutrition is the best protection from many diseases, as applying the same to preventing many diseases and creating resistance too many diseases, it has also been shown that this approach can alleviate many problems in various diseases and can support the treatment of pathological conditions. Proper nutrition must be organized so that it meets the biological needs of the organism and the degree of illness. As a result of the prolongation of human life, from year to year, there is an increased number of elderly patients who need some form of clinical nutrition. Adapting the diet to the specific needs of older people results, not only in the quality of life but contributes to their greater satisfaction and health. It is important to keep in mind that poor eating habits can change and they are such a priority when talking about gerontological preventative activity. Appropriate prevention programs for the elderly can prevent the occurrence of many diseases occurring in older age, and slow down the processes of ill aging and achieving healthy longevity. One of the benefits of quality nutrition is also reducing the cost of overall health spending. Health care for the elderly is a major indicator of progress or failure to protect the health of the entire population. Health care planning is a complex process, but it is of utmost importance. In order to constantly improve, monitor and evaluate the health needs and the functional abilities of the elderly, it is necessary to carry out education and young people as well as continuous education and reeducation of elderly persons. This paper defines terms such as nutrition and nutritional needs / habits of the elderly, gives an insight into the physiological changes that occur in the elderly phase of life. This paper also focuses on the role of nurses when it comes to nutrition for the elderly, and for hydration and dehydration. Nursing diagnoses and interventions were defined, and their significance was emphasized