Sleep paterns in adolescence : relationship of pubertal maturation and morningess-eveningness dimension

Obrasci spavanja u adolescenciji: odnos pubertalne zrelosti i dimenzije jutarnjosti-večernjosti Spavanje je važan aspekt maturacije svakog pojedinca te su zabilježene veće potrebe za spavanjem tijekom postizanja pubertalne zrelosti u odnosu na već zrele odrasle osobe. Razvoj u adolescenciji popraćen je hormonalnim promjenama i promjenama u cirkadijurnim obrascima zbog čega adolescenti postaju skloniji odgađati vrijeme odlaska na spavanje kao i jutarnje buđenje. Može se reći da tijekom perioda adolescencije pojedinci pokazuju ponašanje koje upućuje na izraženiju večernjost u odnosu na prijašnje i kasnije periode života. Kako ovaj novonastali ritam nije u skladu s obavezama i školom, adolescenti su izloženi različitim negativnim ishodima koji proizlaze iz deprivacije spavanja. Često se u ispitivanjima ponašanja adolescenata kao kriterij javljanja određenih ponašanja uzima kronološka dob, no istraživaći preispituju ovakvu praksu te je u ovom ispitivanju uz kronološku dob mjeren i stupanj pubertalne zrelosti kao i odnos ovih mjera s obrascima spavanja u adolescenciji. Također je analizirana latentna struktura multidimenzionalne skale umora s obzirom na njenu prvu primjenu na uzorku adolescenata u Hrvatskoj. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 233 adolescenta i 206 adolescentica dobnog raspona od 10 do 18 godina. Ispitanici su ispunjavali skalu jutarnjosti-večernjosti, skalu pubertalne zrelosti i multidimenzionalnu skalu umora. Provedenim analizama utvrđena je trofaktorska struktura multidimenzionalne skale umora u skladu s originalnom skalom, ali uz potrebne preinake na jednoj od subskala. Nadalje je utvrđena značajna razlika na dimenziji jutarnjosti-večernjosti; adolescentice su postizale rezultate koji su ukazivali na veću preferenciju večernjosti. Također su adolescentice imale veći stupanj pubertalne zrelosti te su izvještavale o više simptoma doživljenog umora. Adolescenti i adolescentice koji su bili u uznapredovalim fazama pubertalne zrelosti pokazivali su i veću sklonost večernjosti u odnosu na one s nižim stupnjem pubertalne zrelosti. Isto tako, stariji adolescenti i adolescentice su se procjenjivali više večernjim tipovima u odnosu na mlađe adolescente i adolescentice. Naposlijetku, adolescenti i adolescentice koji su imali veću tendeciju prema večernjosti su izvještavali i o više simptoma umora.Sleep is an important aspect of maturation process of every indvidual and there is greater requirement for sleep during pubertal development when compared to completely mature adult individuals. Development in adolescence is accompanied by hormonal changes and changes in circadian patterns wich affect adolescent behaviour by postponing sleep onset and wake-up time in the morning. Because of that, it can be concluded that adolescents show patterns of behavior that indicates greater eveningness in contrast to earlier and later periods of life. This newly formed rhythm is not coordinated with school and other commitments and can lead to different negative outcomes accompanied by sleep deprivation. In the research of adolescent behavior it is not uncommon to take chronological age as a criterion of changes in certain behaviors. However, researchers are questioning this practice. Having that in mind, in this research apart of chronological age, stage of pubertal development was measured as well as the relationship of this measures with sleep patterns in adolescence. Furthermore, the latent structure of Multidimensional Fatigue Scale was analized since this was it first use on the sample of Croatian adolescents. A group of 233 adolesecent boys and 206 adolescent girls aged beetwen 10 and 18 years, participated in the study. Participants completed Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children, Pubertal Development Scale and Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Although psychometric analysis showed three-factor structure of Multidimensional Fatigue Scale wich was in line with original scale, further modifications of scale is needed. Also, results indicated that adolescent girls showed greater preferences toward eveningness, they were in advanced stages of pubertal development and they reported more fatigue symptoms in contrast to adolescent boys. Both adolescent boys and girls who where more pubertaly mature showed greater tendencies to eveningness in contrast to less mature adolescents. Also, older adolescents reported greater tendencies to eveningness than younger ones. In the end, adolescents who were more evening oriented reported more of fatigue simptoms