GROWING IRISES (GENUS IRIS)

Perunika, odnosno iris, rod biljaka je iz razreda jednosupnica koja pripada porodici Iridaceae, zajedno s rodovima gladiola (Gladiolus) i šafrana (Crocus) , trajne zeleni s podancima i gomoljima. Vrijeme cvatnje je od svibnja do srpnja. Iz valjkastog, puzavog i trajnog podanka rastu uski, uspravni i sabljasti listovi. Cvjetna stabljika naraste i do 1,50 m visoko i obično ima dva do tri cvijeta na krajevima cvjetne stabljike. Cvjetovi se sastoje iz 6 u 2 reda poredanih cvjetnih listova od kojih je vanjski svinut a unutarnji uspravan. Cvjetni listovi su najčeščće plave boje, pri dnu sa žutim ili bjelkastim mrljama i prevučeni ljubičastim žilicama. Godine 2000. proglašena je hrvatskim nacionalnim cvijetom na prijedlog Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Naziv potječe od imena grčke božice duge, glasnice bogova Iride (grč. - duga), a naš naziv perunika dolazi od imena vrhovnog staroslavenskog boga gromovnika Peruna i njegove žene, boginje Perunike. Kajkavski naziv za peruniku leluja ili ljeljuja, proizašao je iz drugog imena boginje Perunike - Ljelja. Ostali hrvatski narodni nazivi prate božanske poveznice - bogiša, cvit ili kaćun nebeski, ili se pak odnose na mačasti, odnosno sabljasti obilik listova - mačinac, mačak, sabljarka, sabljić ili špade (lat. spadix - mač) u Istri. U Botaničkom vrtu Prirodoslovno-Matematičkog fakulteta u Zagrebu perunike čine najveću zbirku trajnica, od oko 150 različitih vrsta i sorti. Pojedine vrste perunika upotrebljavaju se i u farmaciji te pri izradi parfema. U ljekovite svrhe sabire se uglavnom podanak (Rhizoma Iridis), koji se iskapa u listopadu. Katkada se sabiru i listovi i to za uporabu u svježem stanju, jer se u suhom ne mogu upotrebljavati. Podanak sadrži eterično ulje, veće količine smole, tanine i glikozid iridin. Razmnožavanje se vrši pomoću podzemne stabljike rizoma.Iris, and Iris, a genus of plants from the class Monocotyledon which belongs to the family Iridaceous, along with the families of gladiolus (Gladiolus) and saffron (Crocus), permanent green with rhizomes and tubers. Flowering time is from May through July. For cylindrical, some servile and permanent rhizome growth of narrow, upright and saber-toothed leaves. Flower stalks grow up to 1.50 meters high and usually have two to three flowers at the ends of the flower stems. The flowers consist of 6 in 2 rows of flowers lined sheets of which the outer and the inner bent upright. Floral leaves were infected with blue at the bottom with a yellow or whitish spots and coated with purple veins. In 2000, he was named the Croatian national flower on the proposal of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The name derives from the name of the Greek goddess of rainbows, glottis gods Iride (Gk. - Debt), and our name iris comes from the name of the supreme Slavic god Perun wielders and his wife, the goddess of Irises. Kajkav name for iris swaying or ljeljuja, derived from the name of another goddess Irises - soar. Other Croatian public names follow the divine links - Bogies, Orchid Flower or heaven, or they refer to macastim or shapes, as saber-toothed leaves - guppy, cat, swordfish, Sabljić or include (lat. Spadix - sword) in Istria. In the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science in Zagreb iris make up the largest collection of perennials, from about 150 different species and varieties. Certain types of irises are used in the pharmaceutical industry and in the preparation of perfumes. In medicinal purposes are gathered mainly rhizome (Rhizome iridous), excavated in October. Sometimes gather the leaves and to use fresh, because in dry not be used. Rhizome contains essential oil, larger amounts of resin, tannins and glycosides iridin. Propagation is done by underground stem rhizome