Moždani udar

Moždani udar je akutno neurološko oštećenje mozgovnog tkiva uzrokovano promjenama na krvnim žilama. U većini razvijenih zemalja na trećem je mjestu po uzroku smrtnost ali i uzrok je velikom broju invaliditeta što kao posljedicu ostavlja radnu nesposobnost osobe. Dobna granica oboljelih pomiče se prema mlađim dobnim skupinama. Razlikujemo ishemijski i hemoragijski moždani udar. Čimbenike rizika možemo podijeliti na one na koje možemo utjecati i na one na koje ne možemo. Znakove i simptome bolesti ovise o dijelu mozga koji je zahvaćen moždanim udarom. Terapija se sastoji od općih terapijskih postupaka i specifične terapije, ali od velikog je značaja što ranije prepoznati simptome moždanog udara kako bih se na vrijeme ordinirala terapija i spriječile posljedice. Kod moždanog udara bitno je što ranije započeti sa rehabilitacijom i spriječiti komplikacije. Oboljelima ovaj tip bolesti predstavlja prekretnicu u životu,ali ne samo njima nego i članovima njihove obitelji, sredine , pa se zbog toga treba obratiti i pažnja na psihološke faktore. Sestrinska skrb za oboljele od moždanog udara skup je znanja i vještina sestrinske prakse bez koje pozitivan ishod zdravstvene njege oboljelih ne bih bio moguć. Bolesnik ostvaruje prisniji kontakt s medicinskom sestrom nego sa ostalim članovima tima i upravu tu spoznaju sestre bih trebale iskoristiti kako bi liječenje i oporavak bili što uspješniji. Dobra komunikacija nije laka ali je iznimno važna. Bolesnika je potrebno slušati i promatrati pri razgovoru, razumjeti njegove probleme, otkriti što je skriveno u njegovim riječima i pokretima.A stroke is an acute neurological damage on the brain's tissue, caused by modifications of the blood vessels. In most of the developed countries, a stroke holds the third place as a cause of death, but it can also cause permanent invalidity, which removes the person’s ability to work. The age limit of people who have suffered from a stroke is decreasing. There are two kinds of strokes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. That factors that can cause a stroke can be divided in two categories: the ones that can be influenced and the ones that cannot. The signs and symptoms of a stroke depend on the affected part of the brain. Therapy consists of general procedures and specific therapies, but it is of utmost importance to recognize the symptoms as soon as possible, so a therapy can be appointed and consequences avoided. It is very important to start with the rehabilitation as early as possible after the stroke to prevent different consequences. A stroke can be a turning point, not only in the life of the person who has suffered it, but also to the person’s family and people around them, which is the reason why psychological factors should also be attended. Nursing for the people who have had a stroke is an assemble of nursing knowledge and skills, without which a positive outcome of the health care for the patients would not be possible. The patient has a more intimate contact with the nurses than with the rest of the medical team. That knowledge should be used by the nurses to make the healing process and recovery more successful. Even though good communication is not easy to obtain, it is of extreme importance. Patient must be listened to and observed in conversation, their needs must be understood, and whatever is hidden in their words and movements must be discovered