PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF DEMYELINATION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Multipla skleroza spada u kronične autoimune demijelinizirajuće bolesti. Točan uzrok bolesti se još nezna, no smatra se da nastaje međudjelovanjem više faktora. Bolest se dva puta više pojavljuje u žena nego u muškaraca, također zabilježena je češća pojavnost bolesti u bijele rase o odnosu na crnu i žutu rasu. Bolest se klinički može prezentirati u više različitih oblika kao što su relapsno remitirajući, sekundarno progresivni, primarno progresivni i benigni oblik. Glavni patološki proces u MS je demijelinizacija, proces u kojem dolazi do oštećenja mijelinske ovojnice. Funkcija mijelinske ovojnice je prehrambena, zaštitna, te omogućuje brže provođenje živčanih impulsa. Točan uzrok koji dovodi do demijelinizacije još uvijek nije poznat. Dokazani su različiti patogenetski mehanizmi u različitim oblicima bolesti, ali i različiti patogenetski mehanizmi u istog pacijenta u različitim fazama bolesti. Stoga pojedini istraživači smatraju da se radi o sindromu MS. Patogeneza je još uvijek neistraženo područje, no postoje razni modeli koji govore utjecaju vlastitog imunosnog sustava te o oksidativnim oštećenjima koja dovode do lezija i pojave kliničkih simptoma .Multiple sclerosis is one of the chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but it is believed to be generated by the interaction of several factors. The disease occurs twice more in women than in men, also recorded a more frequent incidence of disease in the Caucasian in relation to the black and yellow race. Clinical disease can present in different forms such as relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive and benign forms. The main pathological process of MS demyelination is, a process in which there is damage to the myelin sheath. The function of the myelin sheath, food, security, and enables faster implementation of nerve impulses. The exact cause leading to demyelination is not yet known. Proven different pathogenic mechanisms in various forms of the disease, but also the different pathogenetic mechanisms in the same patient at different stages of the disease. Therefore, some researchers believe that it is a syndrome MS. The pathogenesis is still uncharted territory, but there are various models that mostly influence their own immune system, and the oxidative damage that leads to lesions and the appearance of clinical symptoms