Correlating lifestyle and dietary pattern with intestinal mikrobiota composition

Sastav intestinalne mikrobiote, iako prilično stabilan kroz vrijeme, podliježe promjeni uslijed brojnih egzogenih i endogenih faktora poput dobi, spola, obrasca prehrane, genotipa domaćina itd. Neuravnotežen sastav crijevne mikrobiote povezuje se sa različitim bolestima poput pretilosti, alergija, raka želudca, anoreksije, sindroma iritabilnog crijeva, Crohnove bolesti, dijabetesa tipa II itd. Primjena metoda nove generacije sekvencioniranja znatno je unaprijedila istraživanja interakcije ljudskog organizma i sastava intestinalne mikrobiote u cilju razumijevanja interakcije sastava i bolesti. Cilj rada bio je korelirati podatke o životnim navikama i prehrambenim obrascima 15 ispitanika sa sastavom intestinalne mikrobiote. Podatci o životnim navikama i prehrambenim obrascima prikupljeni su ispunjavanjem upitnika koji uključuje upitnik o učestalosti konzumiranja hrane i pića (eng.- Food frequency questionnaire- FFQ) i 24-satno prisjećanje. Sastav intestinalne mikrobiote određen je sekvencioniranjem prikupljenih uzoraka fecesa Illumina MiSeq tehnologijom. Dobiveni sirovi podatci obrađeni su u programu QIIME. Prema rezultatima kod svejeda je zamijećena veća zastupljenost koljena Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria i Firmicutes u odnosu na vegane i vegetarijance kod kojih je zamjećen veća zastupljenosti roda Ruminococcus te veći omjer rodova Bacteroides/Prevotella. Prema kategorijama stupnja uhranjenosti sastav intestinalne mikrobiote nije se statistički značajno razlikovao, a razlog tomu mogao bi biti nedovoljno velik uzorak.Composition of the gut microbiota, allthough quite stable throughout time, depends on numerous egzogenic and endogenic factors like age, gender, dietary pattern, genotype etc. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with different diseases like obesity, alergies, gastric cancer, anorexia, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, diabetes type II etc. The application of high throughput sequencing methods has significantly improved the research on interactions between human organism and microbial composition with the intention of understanding the correlation between microbial composition and disease development. The aim of this study was to correlate lifestyle and dietary pattern information from 15 subjects with their gut microbiota composition. Information about lifestyle and dietary patterns were collected by filling out questionnaire including Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24 h dietary recall. Fecal samples were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology to determine gut microbiota composition. Raw sequencing data were processed using QIIME program. The results show increase in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes by omnivors in contrast to vegans and vegetarians which had increased ratio of Bacteroides/Prevotella and increased abundance of Ruminococcus. According to body mass index categories gut microbiota composition was not significantly different, probably because of small sample size