Tha analsis of housing loans granted by the Croatian credit institutions

Kreditne institucije su financijske institucije koje se dijele na banke, štedne banke i stambene štedionice. Banka je najvažnija kreditna institucija čija je temeljna funkcija pružanje bankovnih i ostalih financijskih usluga. Štedne banke obavljaju jednake usluge kao banke, ali postoje neka ograničenja u vidu zabrane pružanja usluga factoringa, forfeitinga, financijskog najma (leasinga), platnog prometa s inozemstvom itd. Specifičnost stambene štednje je u prikupljanju novčanih sredstava od građana sa ciljem rješavanja stambenih potreba, čime stambene štedionice potiču nacionalnu štednju i stambeno zbrinjavanje. Stambena je štednja strogo namjenska, a kredit je moguće ostvariti nakon najmanje dvije godine štednje. U Republici Hrvatskoj stambena štednja je regulirana Zakonom o stambenoj štednji i državnom poticanju stambene štednje, koji je stupio na snagu 1998. godine. DPS su vrlo važan element sustava stambene štednje te je vrlo važno da se DPS-om upravlja aktivnije, što znači da se aktivno upravlja stopom i maksimalnim iznosima DPS-a. U Republici Hrvatskoj i dalje ne postoji stalan, učinkovit i dugoročno održiv sustav financiranja stambenog kreditiranja. Pokazatelje poslovanja kreditnih institucija koje se detaljno analiziralo u radu ukazuju da se popularnost banaka ne smanjuje kroz godine, te su one najznačajnije kreditne institucije u RH. To se najlakše može iščitati iz ukupne imovine kreditnih institucija, gdje ukupna imovina banaka i štednih banaka ima udio od oko 98%. Stambeno kreditiranje iznosi četvrtinu ukupnih odobrenih kredita. Kvaliteta stambenih kredita banaka ima trend rasta udjela kredita skupina B i C, što najbolje odražava utjecaj krize. Najveći rast zabilježen je kod stambenih kredita vezanih uz stranu valutu - švicarski franak u 2015. godini. Cijene stambenih nekretnina najvišu razinu dosegle su 2008. godine, uzrokovane nerealnostima u građevinskom sektoru. Nakon krize uslijedio je značajan pad cijena stambenih nekretnina u svim dijelovima RH. Najniže cijene stambenih nekretnina zadnjih godina, odnosno u 2015. godini te se taj trend nastavlja i u 2016. godini.Credit institutions are financial institutions that are divided into banks, savings banks and housing savings banks. The bank is the most important credit institution whose core function is to provide banking and other financial services. Savings banks carry out the same services as banks, but there are some limitations in the form of bans on providing factoring, forfeiting, financial leasing, foreign payments, etc. The specificity of housing savings is in collecting money from citizens with the aim of solving housing needs, thus housing savings banks are encouraging national savings and housing care. Housing savings are strictly intended, and credit can be realized after at least two years of savings. In the Republic of Croatia, housing savings are regulated by the Housing Savings Act and the State Housing Savings Act, which entered into force in 1998. State incentives is a very important element of the housing savings system and it is very important that state incentives is managed more actively, meaning that it is actively managing the rate and the maximum amounts of state incentives In the Republic of Croatia there is no permanent, efficient and long-term viable lending financing system. The credit institutions' performance indicators, which are analyzed in detail in the paper, indicate that the popularity of banks over the years is significant, and these are the most important credit institutions in the Republic of Croatia. This is easiest to read from the total assets of credit institutions, where the total assets of banks and savings banks account for about 98%. Housing lending accounts for a quarter of total approved loans. The quality of housing loans of banks has a trend of increasing the share of loans of groups B and C, which best reflects the impact of the crisis. The highest growth was recorded in housing loans denominated in foreign currency - Swiss franc in 2015. Housing real estate prices reached the highest level in 2008, caused by unrealities in the construction sector. After the crisis, there was a significant decline in the prices of residential property in all parts of Croatia. The lowest prices of residential real estate in recent years, or in 2015, and this trend continue in 2016