Flame retardant additives for polymer materials

Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je upoznavanje s osnovnim principima i znanjima o gorivosti i smanjenju gorivosti polimernih materijala te dodacima koji se koriste kao usporavala gorivosti polimernih materijala. U ovom radu napravljene su usporedbe mehanizama i karakteristika standardnih usporavala gorivosti poput halogenih, fosforovih, dušikovih i anorganskih spojeva kao usporavala. Iako učinkoviti, svaki od njih ima nedostatke poput ekološke neprihvatljivosti ili velike količine koja je potrebna za postizanje odgovarajuće učinkovitosti, zbog čega su istraživanja na ovom polju sve više posvećena traženju novih rješenja. Nanočestice se u posljednje vrijeme sve više istražuju kao zamjena za već postojeća usporavala gorivosti korištena u industriji, stoga je naglasak rada upravo na upoznavanju mehanizama i djelotvornosti nanočestica kao usporavala gorivosti.The main objective of this work was introducing to basic principles and facts about the flammability, flame retardation of polymer materials and additives used as flame retardants of polymer materials. In this work comparisons between mechanisms and characteristics of standard flame retardants, such as halogenated, phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based and inorganic compounds used as retardants were done. Although efficient, each one of them has its disadvantages like environmentally harmful effects or large amounts necessary to achieve adequate effectiveness, which is why researches in this field are starting to be more dedicated to finding new solutions. Lately, nanometric particles are being studied as possible substitutes for existing flame retardants used in industry, therefore accent of this work is on mechanism and effectiveness of nanometric particles used as flame retardants