Coronation in medieval Europe

Kraljevska je krunidba jedan od najznačajnijih rituala srednjega vijeka. U to doba kada ceremonije i zakletve znače više od pisanih sporazuma, krunidbe su bile ne samo javno predstavljanje novoga vladara, već ritual kojim je kralj na sebe preuzimao svjetovnu i božansku moć. Ceremonija se odvijala unutar crkve,a uključivala je i pomazanje svetim uljem. Tijekom krunidbe vladaru su se predavale insignije poput mača, jabuke i žezla - simbola vlasti, časti i službe. Za neke je zemlje, poput Francuske, sam čin krunidbe bio tek jedan od segmenata kraljevske inauguracije u koju također spadaju entrèe (trijumfalni ulazak u Pariz) te lit de justice (prvo zasjedanje kralja u Parlamentu) te pogreb prethodnog vladara u crkvi Saint-Denis. Neki od glavnih elemenata krunidbe svakako su sudionici, mjesto, vrijeme i procedura obreda. Najvažniji izvori za proučavanje krunidba jesu liturgijski tekstovi koji nose naziv Pravilnik (ordo) radi se o preciznim ali ipak općenitim uputama koje obuhvaćaju sve sudionike ceremonije. U njima su propisane riječi, napjevi, geste sudionika ali i sam izgled prostora. Radom su obuhvaćene posebnosti i sličnosti krunidbenih ceremonija Karolinga, Kapetovića te engleskih i ugarskih kraljeva.Royal coronation is one of the most important medieval rituals. At medieval time when ceremonies and oaths meant more than written agreements, the coronations were not only the public presentation of the new ruler, but the ritual in which the king took on himself a secular and divine power. The ceremony took place inside the church and it was including the anointing. During the crowning ceremony the emperor was given insignia sword, orb and sceptre - symbols of authority, honor, and ministry. For some countries like France, the act of coronation is just one of the segments of the royal inauguration, including entrèe (triumphal entry into Paris) and lit de justice (the first king's sitting in Parliament) and the funeral of the former ruler in the Saint-Denis church. Some of the main coronation elements are certainly the participants, place, time and procedure of the rituals. The most important sources for the coronation study are liturgical texts bearing the name ordo, these are precise but still general instructions that encompass all participants in the ceremony. They prescribe the words, songs, participants' gestures, but also the layout itself. This paper covers the particularities and similarities of crowning ceremonies of Carolings, Capetians, and the Anglican and Hungarian monarchs