Fedding the Dairy Cow in Transition

Mliječna proizvodnja postaje sve intenzivnija, a životinje proizvode sve više što predstavlja velik stres na njihov organizam. Primjerice u SAD-u mliječne krave budu prosječno u proizvodnji samo tri laktacije, pa se nakon toga izlučuju. Glavni razlog je prevelik intenzitet proizvodnje koji dovodi do poremećaja u reprodukciji i metabolizmu hranjivih tvari. Prehrana u tranziciji nam je tu od velike važnosti jer putem nje možemo utjecati na pojavu metaboličkih i reproduktivnih poremećaja. Adekvatnom hranidbom možemo smanjiti ili spriječiti pojavu ketoze, sindroma masne jetre, hipokalcemije, dislokacije sirišta i zaostajanja posteljice. Još bitnija stavka je da hranidbom možemo utjecati na duljinu i intenzitet trajanja negativnog energetskog balansa. Bitna je i adekvatna priprema životinje za laktaciju a u radu smo naveli nekoliko načina na koje možemo smanjiti intenzitet i duljinu trajanja NEB-a. Stalno se istražuju novi načini i metode hranidbe koji bi omogućili životinjama da što lakše podnesu teret suvremene proizvodnje kravljeg mlijeka.Milk production is becoming more and more intensive which places a lot of stress on the organism of dairy cows. For example, in the US a typical dairy cow is kept in production for only three lactations and is therefore culled because of impaired production. The main reason is the overwhelming demand to increase performance that eventually leads to disturbances in reproduction and nutrient metabolism. Diet that is fed during transition is of great importance because of its influence on occurrence of metabolic and reproductive disorders. With adequate nutrition we can reduce the occurrence of ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, milk fewer, displaced abomasum and placenta retention. Even more important is the fact that with quality diet we can influence the duration and severity of negative energy balance. It is also important to sufficiently prepare the cow for the stress of lactation and in this paper we have mentioned many ways to reduce the duration and severity of NEB. New methods and management practices are constantly being developed to allow the dairy cows to cope with the demand that intensive milk production places on them. LITERATUR