Dietary habits and socioeconomical factors affecting nutritional stutus of the fifth grade primary school pupils in Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county

Prehrambene navike i stavovi formiraju se u ranom djetinjstvu. Na njih u najvećoj mjeri do adolescentne dobi utječu roditelji i bliska obitelj. Sve što usvojimo u djetinjstvu, reflektira se u starijoj životnoj dobi, a znanja i vještine prenose se na sljedeće generacije. Cilj rada je ispitati stanje uhranjenosti i prehrambene navike učenika petih razreda osnovnih škola na području Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije te ih povezati s određenim socioekonomskim i demografskim čimbenicima obitelji (mjesto stanovanja, obrazovanje roditelja, provođenje slobodnog vremena). Ispitivanje je provedeno tijekom obaveznog sistematskog pregleda učenika petih razreda, prilikom kojeg su učenici anonimno ispunjavali posebno osmišljen upitnik nakon kojeg im je izmjerena tjelesna masa i visina. Od ukupnog broja učenika koji trenutno polaze peti razred u županiji, u anketi je sudjelovalo 466 učenika, što je 40,5 % ove populacije. U istraživanju je sudjelovao podjednak broj dječaka i djevojčica, uz nešto veći udio ispitanika iz ruralnih osnovnih škola, prosječne životne dobi 11 godina. Rezultati pokazuju da je, prema kriterijima svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) 15,0 % pothranjene , 56,0 % normalno uhranjene i 29,0 % prekomjerno teške i pretile djece. Dnevno 54,5 % djece ima tri obroka, od čega su dva kuhana. Prosječno 4,7 % svakodnevno jede brzu hranu, a svakodnevno gazirana pića pije 11,6 %, dok meso jede 24,7 %, voće i povrće 55,8 %, slatkiše 21,9 %, mlijeko 56,9 %. Organiziranom aktivnosti van škole bavi se 57,6 % učenika, dok pred televizorom 4 i više sati provede 11,8 % učenika, a 7,8 % igranjem 3 sata i više od kojih je 77,3 % sedentarnog tipa. Istraživanjem je utvrđen značajan udio prekomjerno teške i pretile djece u županiji, koja imaju loše prehrambene navike i nisku fizičku aktivnost uz povećan udio sedentarnog načina života.Nutritional habits and attitudes are formed in early childhood. Until the adolescence parents and close family have strongest influence on them. Everything person adopts in childhood is reflected throughout the lifecycle, and knowledge and skills are transferred to the following generation. The aim of this study was to examine the nutritional status and eating habits of pupils in the fifth grade of elementary schools in the Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county and connect them with certain socio-economic and demographic factors of family (place of residence, parents' education, leisure). Data were collected within the mandatory systematic examination of fifth grade pupils, during which students anonymously filled out specially designed questionnaire and after that measured their weight and height. From total number of pupils who currently attend fifth class in the county, survey filled 466 students, which is 40.5 % of all pupils. There was an equal number of boys and girls, slightly more respondents from rural than urban elementary schools, average age 11. Results show that, according to WHO criteria, 15.0 % of pupils are underweight, 56.0 % of normal weight and 29.0 % are overweight and obese. 54.5 % of children have three meals daily, two of which are cooked. 4.7 % of children consume fast food every day, 11.6 % drinks carbonated beverages everyday, 24.7 % daily consume meat, 55.8 % fruits and vegetables, 21.9 % candies and 56.9 % daily drinks milk. Organised activities outside the school practices 57.6 % of children, while 11.8 % watches TV four or more hours daily. 7.8 % plays three hours or more daily and for 77.3 % computer and similar games are preffered over outdoor activites. This research shows a large proportion of underweight, overweight and obese children in the county as well as poor eating habits and low physical activity and increased proportion of sedentary lifestyles in the vulnerable adolescence