Application of deep eutectic solvents in the separation processes

Zbog rastuće potrebe za energijom odnosno gorivom i zbog sve strožih zakona zaštite okoliša u svrhu smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova i ispunjavanja obveza Kyoto protokola, uz neobnovljive izvore energije (fosilna goriva) sve više se počinju razvijati i koristiti obnovljiva ili alternativna goriva kao biodizel. Biodizel se proizvodi od biljnih ulja, recikliranog otpadnog jestivog ulja ili životinjske masti, procesom transesterifikacije, pri čemu kao sporedni produkt nastaje glicerol. Za njegovu široku upotrebu u uobičajenim dizel-motorima potrebno je iz njega izdvojiti glicerol u skladu sa standardiziranim normama za biodizel EN14214 i ASTM D6751 (max. 0,02 % m/m). U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost ekstrakcije zaostalog glicerola iz biodizela sintetiziranih iz jestivih ulja. Biodizeli su sintetizirani iz suncokretovog, biljnog, sojinog, kikiriki, maslinovog i bućinog ulja. Kao selektivno otapalo korištena je eutektička smjesa kolin klorid/etilen glikol. Eksperimentalno su određene gustoća, viskoznost, koeficijent toplinske vodljivosti i ogrjevne vrijednosti biodizela i uspoređene sa svojstvima komercijalnog dizela. FTIR spektri biodizela nakon ekstrakcije ne pokazuju prisutnost glicerola i preklapaju se s FTIR spektrom komercijalnog biodizela.Due to the growing demand for energy and fuel, and because of increasingly stringent environmental laws to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fulfill the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol, beside the non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels), the renewable or alternative fuels like biodiesel are increasingly developed and used. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, recycled used cooking oil or animal fats, through the process of transesterification, whereby as a by-product the glycerol is produced. For the wide use of biodiesel in conventional diesel engines, it is necessary to isolate glycerol from him according to standardized norms for biodiesel EN14214 and ASTM D6751 (max. 0.02% m / m). In this work, the possibility to extract residual glycerol from biodiesel synthesized from edible oils was investigated. Biodiesels were synthesized from sunflower, vegetable, soybean, peanut, olive and pumpkin oil. As a selective solvent the deep eutectic solvent made of choline chloride / ethylene glycol was used. Density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and calorific values of biodiesel were experimental determined and compared with the properties of commercial diesel. FTIR spectrum of biodiesel after extraction do not show the presence of glycerol and overlap with the FTIR spectrum of commercial biodiesel