Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles

Predočimo svijet bez bakterija, bio bi to svijet bez zaraznih bolesti, bez otrovanja krvi, bez truljenja. Bez razgradnje organske tvari sve kopno bilo bi prekriveno uginulim životinjama i biljkama koje ne bi mogle istrunuti, jer u svijetu bez mikroorganizama ne bi više bilo bakterija koje se brinu za razgradnju svega što je uginulo i tako stvaraju prostor za nove organizme i daju strukturni materijal bez kojeg nema života. Svim živim bićima potrebno je nekoliko desetaka različitih biogenih elemenata te voda. Jedni su potrebni u većim količinama kao što su makroelementi (ugljik, dušik i kisik), a drugi u manjim količinama su poznati pod nazivom mikroelementi (fosfor, sumpor). Do svih navedenih elemenata i njihovih spojeva organizmi dolaze primarno iz nežive prirode – vode, zraka i/ili tla. Unutar biosfere postoje kruženja spojeva, odnosno elemenata iz sastava tih spojeva. Tako kruže atmosferski plinovi ( kisik, dušik, ugljikov dioksid), elementi iz sedimenata ili tla (fosfor, sumpor, jod). Treba naglasiti kako svako odstupanje od normalnih vrijednosti bilo kojeg biogenog elementa i njegova kruženja u biosferi narušava razvoj i normalno funkcioniranje pojedinog ekosustava. I suvišak pojedinog elementa u ekosustavu može biti ograničavajući čimbenik.Envisages the world without bacteria, that will be a world without diseases, without poisoning the blood, without decaying. Without microbial decomposition of organic matter all the land would be covered with dead animals and plants that could not rot, because in a world without microbes would no longer be bacteria that are caring for a breakdown of all that is dead and thus create space for new organisms and provide a structural material, without which no life. All living beings should be several tens of different mineral elements and water. One are needed in larger quantities such as the macro (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) and others in smaller quantities are known as trace elements (phosphorus, sulphur). To all these elements and their compounds organisms come primarily from non-living nature-water, air and/or ground. Within the biosfere existing circulation (circulation) compounds or elements from the composition of these compounds. So, orbiting atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) form the elements of sediment or soil (phosphorus, sulphur, iodine). It should be noted that any deviation from the normal value of any of biogenic elements and its circulation in the biosphere impairs normal functioning and development of each individual element in ecosystem and surplus in the ecosystem can be a limiting factor