Unlawful Evidence in Criminal Proceedings

Ovaj rad posvećen je problemu nezakonitih dokaza. Što sve predstavlja nezakonit dokaz, njihovo izdvajanje iz spisa predmeta, ali i što se dešava ukoliko bi se presuda utemeljila na nezakonitom dokazu. Sam početak rada govori o teorijskoj formulaciji nezakonitih dokaza, pa se kroz vrste dokaza, dokazne zabrane i izdvajanje dokaza iz spisa predmeta dolazi do praktičnih primjera u kojima vidimo kakvo je postupanje suda u slučaju povrede zakonskih odredaba koje govore o bitnim povredama odredaba kaznenog postupka. Ovaj rad u najvećoj je mjeri posvećen teorijskom okviru u kojem se detaljno razrađuje pojam nezakonitih dokaza i upravo iz tog razloga temelji se na Zakonu o kaznenom postupku, Ustavu Republike Hrvatske i brojnim knjigama i člancima u kojima stručnjaci rješavaju problem ove tematike. Naravno, svaki od autora drugačije pristupa ovom problemu obzirom da je tema podložna raznim raspravama, te ne postoji jedinstveno stajalište. Ta nejedinstvenost uočit će se na samom početku rada kada se govori o vrstama nezakonitih dokaza. Isto tako postoje razlike između našeg zakonodavstva i stranog u rješavanju pitanja nezakonitih dokaza. Obzirom na to, u radu je napravljen osvrt na Njemačko zakonodavstvo u kojem se govori o dokaznim zabranama, a koje je ujedno i najsličnije našem. Ovim radom nastojao se steći što bolji uvid u pitanje nezakonitih dokaza i kako se postupa sa dokazima koji bi bili vrlo korisni za slučaj, no oni zbog svoje nezakonitosti ipak ne mogu biti upotrijebljeni.This paper is devoted to unlawful evidence. What is unlawful evidence, isolation of one from case file, and what is the case if one induced judicial decision. Beginning of the paper is talking about theoretical frame work of unlawful evidence, and afterwards, through categories of evidence, prohibition and extract of some from case file, we come to judicial practice in which we see Court's proceeding in case of a breach of a substantially legal regulations of criminal proceeding. The biggest part of this paper is devoted to legal frame work of unlawful evidence, soothe main source while writing was Criminal Procedure Act, Republic of Croatia Constitution and other written study books and articles which are addressed to mentioned issue. Because of the divergent positions from different authors about this issue, which is susceptible for debate, we do not have an unique standpoint. Disunity is recognized on the very beginning of the paper, through categories of evidence. Also, there are many differences on mentioned issue in our and foreign country's legal systems. Regards to that, the paper consists analogy with German legal system, which recognizes evidence prohibition, and is very similar to ours legal system. As I said, this paper is devoted to unlawful evidence, but also addresses the issue of that kind of evidence which are useful to case, but can not be used because of it sillegal nature