FODDER PRODUCTION FOR SHEEPS AT THE FAMILY FARM JELIĆ NIKOLA OF RUŠEVO

Cilj istraživanja je prikazati ustanovljeni (etablirani) sustav proizvodnje krmiva u službi proizvodnje janjadi na OPG-u Jelić Nikola iz Ruševa. U radu je prikazano kako proizvodnja zelene krme i sijena na travnjacima te sijena, zrna i silaže na oranicama susreće hranidbene potrebe ovaca na istraživanom OPG-u te je na temelju saznanja iz pregleda literature dat kritički osvrt i prijedlozi poboljšanja postojećega krmnog sustava u službi hranidbe ovaca. Terensko istraživanje provedeno je putem višekratnih izlazaka na proizvodne površine istraživanog gospodarstva, ekonomska dvorišta, proizvodne objekte i skladišta, uvidom u poslovne knjige, te putem metode intervjua s nositeljem gospodarstva i djelatnicima na gospodarstvu. Istraživanjem je ustanovljeno da OPG Jelić Nikola iz Ruševa proizvodnjom krmiva u potpunosti podmiruje hranidbene potrebe svoga stada ovaca za svim voluminoznim krmivima te za koncentriranim krmivima izuzev kukuruza. Travnjačke površine se koriste za proizvodnju sijena i za napasivanje, a oranične površine za proizvodnju zrna žitarica, sijena lucerne i DTS-a te za proizvodnju silaže cijele biljke kukuruza. Ostvareni prinosi krme na travnjacima (ispaša + sijeno) su iznad državnoga prosjeka ali su niži od potencijalnih prinosa objavljenih u znanstvenim istraživanjima. Prinosi žitarica su slični donjim prosječnim vrijednostima za Panonsku Hrvatsku, a sijena lucerne gornjim prosječnim vrijednostima za istu regiju. Prinosi su ograničeni gnojidbom i zaštitom bilja, koje su oboje u skladu sa zahtjevima ekološke proizvodnje. Organizacija napasivanja je vrlo ležerna, s dugačkim razdobljima regeneracije prinosa i dugim trajanjima turnusa napasivanja što ima za posljedicu prestarivanje trave, gubitak kvalitete i ješnosti i smanjen koeficijent iskorištenja prinosa travnjaka. Intenziviranje organizacije rotacijskog napasivanja se vidi kao glavni potencijalni čimbenik poboljšanja kvalitete proizvedene krme na pašnjacima, što bi se moglo pozitivno odraziti na prirast janjadi, pa možda čak i na plodnost ovaca, odn. povećanje učestalosti blizanaca. Diverzifikacija proizvodnje u smjeru proizvodnje i ovčjeg mlijeka, pa čak i sira, mogla bi doprinijeti dohodovnosti gospodarstva i povećanju mogućnosti zapošljavanja na istraživanom OPG-u.The aim of the research is to show established system of fodder production in the service of production of lambs on the family farm Jelic Nikola from Ruševo. The paper describes how the production of green fodder and hay on grasslands and, grain and silage on arable land meets nutritional requirements of sheep in the studied farm. There was derived an appraisal of the fodder production system based on findings from the literature review and there were goven suggestions for improving the existing system of fodder in the service of feeding sheep. Field research was conducted through multiple dates on the production areas of that economy, economic yards, manufacturing facilities and warehouses, to examine the books and through the interview method with the carrier of the economy and the workers on the farm. The study found that OPG Jelic Nikola Rusevo production of feed material completely settles the nutritional needs of his flock of sheep to all the voluminous fodder and concentrated feed materials except for corn grain. Grassland areas were used for hay production and grazing and arable land for the production of cereal grains, alfalfa hay and DTS as well as for the production of silage whole plant corn. Grassland yields (grazing + hay) were above the national average but lower than the potential yield of recent scientific research. Yields of cereals were similar to the lower average values for the Pannonian Croatia, and alfalfa hay above the average values for the same region. Yields were limited by fertilization and plant protection, which were both in accordance with the requirements of organic production. Organization of grazing was very leasure, with long periods of regeneration yields and long durations rounds grazing which results in senescence of grass, loss of appetite, quality and reduced coefficient of utilization of the yield of the grassland. Intensifying organization of rotational grazing is seen as a major potential factor to improve the quality of forage produced on pastures, which would have a positive effect on the growth of lambs, and perhaps even on the fertility of sheep, resp. increasing the frequency of twins. Diversification of production in the direction of milk production, and even cheese, could contribute to the farm economy and increase employment opportunities in the studied family farm