Kinetic energy estimation in the Nordic system

An algorithm for estimating the kinetic energy in the Nordic power system has been presented and compared to the TSOs’ estimation based on breaker status. The average error between the TSOs’ estimate and the proposed estimate is 0.83%. Furthermore, the standard deviation between the two estimates is 13 GWs, about 7% of the system average kinetic energy. The proposed estimate manages to capture the diurnal variation of the system kinetic energy with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. The total system kinetic energy in 2015 is estimated considering a possible contribution of kinetic energy from wind turbines during a large power imbalance. Lastly, the Nordic kinetic inertia is estimated for 2025, with and without possible contributions from wind, further increasing the released kinetic energy during a n-1 contingency with 22%