The resolution of curves singularities over C has long been known and has many proofs. One of them consists in using the Newton-Puiseux theorem to obtain the local uniformization of a valuation centered on the starting ring. This theorem provides a puiseux expansion to parametrize the branches of the curve and a set of polynomials describing completely the valuation. In this thesis we generalize this method using key polynomials indexed by a well-ordered set which become coordinates after blowings up. Our first result provides an effective generalization of the Newton-Puiseux theorem for valuation of rank 1 centered on a complete regular local ring and integral relations on the truncation of the series. In the next chapter, we show that the...