Transmission system power losses due to energy transit

Deregulacija elektroenergetskih sustava je rezultirala postupnom zamjenom monopola sa slobodnim tržištem. To je imalo za posljedicu pojavu novih razmjena električne energije. Jedna od karakteristika današnjih europskih elektroenergetskih sustava je prijenos električne energije na velike udaljenosti koji često uključuje više država. Pritom se tokovi snaga uobičajeno zatvaraju i kroz prijenosne sustave zemalja koje nisu izravno uključene u dogovorene transakcije električne energije. Takvi tokovi snaga mogu uzrokovati dodatne gubitke na štetu operatora tih prijenosnih sustava. Zbog toga je Europska mreža operatora prijenosnih sustava za električnu energiju (ENTSO-E) definirala metodologiju računanja gubitaka (WWT, With and Without Transit) uzrokovanih tranzitom snage, kao i financijsku naknadu uključenim operatorima prijenosnih sustava. Cilj ovog rada je bilo opisati WWT metodu i prikazati je na modelu mreže s tri povezana prijenosna sustava.Since the deregulation of electric power systems the monopoly of electric market is gradually replaced by open access market. This resulted in the emergence of new electricity exchange. One of the characteristics of the present European electricity system is the transmission of electricity over long distances that often involve more countries. Hence, the power flows are normally closed inside the transmission systems of countries that are not directly involved in the agreed transactions of electricity. These transit flows can cause additional losses to the Transmission System Operators (OPS). Therefore, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) defined methodology for calculating losses (WWT, With and Without Transit) caused by transits, as well as financial compensation for involved OPS. The aim of this study was to describe WWT method and present it on the network model with three connected systems