Specific learning difficulties : characteristc of relation between dyslexia and ADHD

Disleksija i deficit pažnje/hiperaktivni poremećaj (u literaturi se radi jednostavnosti koristi ustaljena kratica ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, koja će biti korištena dalje u radu) su složeni neurorazvojni poremećaji koji se sve češće prepoznaju u kliničkoj praksi. Relativno su česti i nerijetko su izvor različitih teškoća za djecu, roditelje, školske djelatnike i kliničare koji se s njima susreću. Visoka stopa istovremenog prisustva disleksije i ADHD-a ukazuje na mogućnost zajedničke etiologije. Procjenjuje se da oko 1540% djece s disleksijom također ima dijagnozu ADHD-a, te da 25-40% djece s ADHD-om imaju dijagnozu disleksije. Unatoč ovim brojkama i unatoč mogućim preprekama koje istovremeno postojanje ova dva poremećaja predstavlja za neometano obrazovanje djece, mali je broj opsežnijih sustavnih preglednih radova o obilježjima teškoća u literaturi. U ovom radu sagledana je recentna znanstvena literatura na temu povezanosti disleksije i ADHD-a, a poseban naglasak je stavljen na njihovu zajedničku epidemiologiju, istovremeno prisustvo, na modele povezanosti, genetsku pozadinu i tretman. Cilj je dati što jezgrovitiji pregled koji će pridonijeti razumijevanju osobitosti istovremene prisutnosti navedenih fenomena kao i znanstveno-istraživačkom i praktičnom radu u području logopedije i drugih srodnih disciplina koje se navedenom problematikom bave.Developmental dyslexia and ADHD are complex neurodevelopmental disorders which occur more and more often in clinical practice. They are relatively common and result in many difficulties for children, parents, school workers and clinicians who work with them. High rates of comorbidity between dyslexia and ADHD point to a possibility of common etiology. It is estimated that around 15-40% of children with dyslexia also have a diagnosis of ADHD, also that 25-40% of children with ADHD have a diagnosis of dyslexia. Despite these high numbers and despite the hypothetical obstacles that may occur hindering the education of children diagnosed with both disorders, scientific literature still does not have a systematic review. In this review article, recent scientific literature about relationship between dyslexia and ADHD is covered. Focus is on the topics of epidemiology, comorbidity, models of interconnection, genetics and clinical treatment. The purpose of this article is to give a concise and clear summary that is going to contribute to a better understanding of these phenomenons, as well as be of use to scientific research and clinical work in the area of speech pathology and other related fields who dwell in these disorders