Intimate partner violence dynamic

Nasilje u partnerskim odnosima vrlo je raširen, dugo godina istraživan i iznimno kompleksan fenomen koji ima višestruke i ozbiljne posljedice kako na pojedince koji su mu izloženi, tako i na društvo u cjelini. Kako bi bilo moguće adekvatno raditi na njegovom suzbijanju, potrebno ga je dobro razumijeti. Stoga je cilj ovog rada dati uvid u dosadašnje spoznaje o dinamici partnerskog nasilja, faktorima rizika za počinjenje i izloženost partnerskom nasilju i obilježjima mogućih žrtava i počinitelja. Također, dan je pregled spoznaja o posljedicama do kojih izloženost partnerskom nasilju može dovesti, uz opis normativne regulacije i intervencija s počiniteljima i žrtvama partnerskog nasilja. Istraživanja su pokazala širok spektar čimbenika rizika za izloženost i počinjenje partnerskog nasilja, od kojih su izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu, problemi s alkoholom i dob najčešće spominjani čimbenici. Promijenilo se dugogodišnje shvaćanje o muškarcu kao primarnom počinitelju i ženi kao žrtvi, pri čemu je sve više istraživanja o ženama počiniteljicama i muškarcima žrtvama partnerskog nasilja. Ona nadalje ukazuju na problem nedovoljne razvijenosti adekvatnih izvora pomoći za te skupine i nerazumijevanja društva i stručnjaka za njihove potrebe. Vezano za dinamiku nasilja, nedostaju objašnjenja zašto se u različitim vezama očituje različita dinamika nasilja, a nedostaju i istraživanja o kontekstu i motivima počinjenja nasilja od strane žena, te muškoj viktimizaciji. Zaključno, smatramo da su, zbog razornih posljedica koje partnersko nasilje ima na žrtve i društvo, nužne intervencije na svim razinama sustava kako bi se moglo efikasno raditi na suzbijanju partnerskog nasilja. Potrebna je interdisciplinarna suradnja stručnjaka, koja je između ostalog najvažnija kod ukazivanja potrebe izdvajanja sredstava za programe prevencije partnerskog nasilja i razvoja tih programa.Intimate partner violence is widespread, long explored and highly complex phenomenon with multiple and serious consequences to the individuals who are exposed to intimate partner violence, just as well on the whole society. To be able to work adequate on its suppression, it should be well understood. The purpose of this paper is to give an insight into the current knowledge about the dynamics of partner violence, risk factors for perpetrating and exposure to partner violence and characteristics of potential victims and perpetrators. Also, review of knowledge is given about the consequences to which the exposure to partner violence may lead, with the description of normative regulation and intervention with perpetrators and victims of partner violence. Studies have shown a wide range of risk factors for exposure and perpetration of partner violence, from which the exposure to violence in childhood, alcohol problems and age are most frequently mentioned factors. A longtime understanding, of male as the primary perpetrator and the female as victim, is changed. There are more and more research about female perpetrators and male victims of partner violence. The studies further indicate to the problem of underdeveloped adequate sources of help to these groups and lack of understanding of society and experts for their needs. Regarding the dynamic of violence, there is a lack of explanations why different relationships manifest different dynamic of violence. There is also a lack of research about the context and motives of female violence perpetration and about male victimization. In conclusion, we believe that due to the devastating effects of partner violence on victims and society, interventions are necessary on all levels of the system in order to work effectively on partner violence suppression. The interdisciplinary cooperation of experts is needed, especially due to the indication of need for allocation of funds for prevention programs of partner violence and the development of these programs