Surgical procedures in the aesthetic zone: from the immediate implantation to soft tissue and bone augmentation

Estetska zona definira se kao dentoalveolarni segment vidljiv pri punom osmijehu. Pri planiranju kirurške terapije u estetskoj zoni, osim uobičajenih čimbenika, u obzir treba uzeti i estetske faktore rizika. U novije se vrijeme, kao rješenje bezubosti u estetskoj zoni, nameće postupak imedijatne implantacije. Implantacija se provodi neposredno nakon ekstrakcije koja mora biti atraumatska da bi se sačuvala bukalna stijenka alveole. Kako bi se spriječila resorpcija alveolarnog grebena, najčešće se simultano s imedijatnom implantacijom provodi i koštana augmentacija. Augmentacija se moţe provoditi autogenim, alogenim, ksenogenim i aloplastičnim materijalima te resorptivnim i neresorptivnim membranama. S ciljem postizanja estetike mekog tkiva, provodi se postupak mekotkivne augmentacije, najčešće slobodnim vezivnim transplantatom. Ovaj rad prikazuje vrste kirurških postupaka koji se provode u estetskoj zoni, a povezani su s imedijatnom implantacijom, zatim njihove indikacije, kontraindikacije i moguće komplikacije.The aesthetic zone is defined as a dentoalveolar segment visible in full smile. It is necessary to consider aesthetic risk factors along with the usual risk factors when planning a surgical therapy in the aesthetic zone. Recently, the immediate implant procedure was introduced as a solution to the absence of teeth in the aesthetic zone. Implantation is performed immediately after the extraction, which has to be atraumaticin order to preserve the buccalalveolar bone wall. In order to prevent the alveolar ridge resorption, bone augmentation is usually performed simultaneously with the immediate implantation. Augmentation can be carried out with autogenous, allogenic, xenogenic and alloplastic materials and resorptive and non-resorptive membranes. Soft tissue augmentation procedure is performed to preserve the aesthetics of the soft tissue, most commonly with a free graft. This paper presents the types of surgical procedures performed in the aesthetic zone associated with immediate implantations well as indications, contraindications and possible complications of those procedures