New approaches to metabolic syndrome

Metabolički sindrom jedan je od većih problema danas u razvijenom svijetu, prvenstveno zbog sjedilačkog načina života. Od metaboličkog sindroma boluje značajan udio populacije, kako u svijetu, tako i kod nas. Glavne komponente metaboličkog sindroma su inzulinska rezistencija i centralna debljina. Preostale komponente čine i povišeni trigliceridi, snižene vrijednosti HDL-a, visok krvni tlak i glukoza u krvi natašte. Budući da je patofiziologija ovog sindroma složena i nepotpuno razjašnjena, znanstvenici još uvijek istražuju mehanizme nastanka te nove dijagnostičke i terapijske opcije. Brojna istraživanja kroz svoje rezultate dovode do spoznaja o čitavom nizu novih parametara koji su, gotovo u pravilu, prisutni u osoba s metaboličkim sindromom, iako još nisu službeno uvršteni u kriterije, odnosno njegovu definiciju. Nealkoholna masna jetra često se nalazi kod bolesnika s metaboličkim sindromom pa je zbog toga pitanje je li ona sastavni dio sindroma, njegov uzrok ili posljedica. Pojava inzulinske rezistencije u bolesnica sa sindromom policističnih jajnika potakla je raspravu o povezanosti s metaboličkim sindromom. Uloga mokraćne kiseline u patofiziologiji metaboličkog sindroma danas se sve više naglašava. Rezultati više studija ukazali su na moguću povezanost C-reaktivnog proteina i željeza s pojedinim komponentama metaboličkog sindroma. Visceralna pretilost i inzulinska rezistencija mogle bi biti glavni krivci nastanka apneje u snu preko elevacije stres hormona i različitih citokina. U tijeku su brojna istraživanja uloge stereoizomera mioinozitol i D-chiro-inozitol u liječenju inzulinske rezistencije.Metabolic syndrome is one of the biggest problems in the Western world, mainly because of the sedentary lifestyle. It shows up in the majority of the population worldwide. The main characteristics of metabolic syndrome are insulin resistance and central obesity. Other components of metabolic syndrome are hypertension, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels and high fasting blood sugar levels. Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome is complex and has not been fully clarified yet. That is the reason why scientists are still exploring new mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic options. Numerous studies through its results lead to new foundings about parameters, which are found in the majority of patients with metabolic syndrome, The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is often found in patients with metabolic syndrome, and the question is whether it is a part of the syndrome, its cause or consequence. Insulin resistance in the polycystic ovarian syndrome encouraged the discussion of the connection between these two syndromes. Nowadays, the role of uric acid in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome is being emphasized. The connection of C-reactive protein and iron with components of metabolic syndrome is also being researched. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance might be the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea, by elevation of stress hormones and various cytokines. Numerous studies are being conducted to evaluate the role of stereoisomers myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol in the treatment of insulin resistance