Connection of superstructure to implants

Dentalna implantoprotetika interdisciplinarna je grana dentalne medicine koja spaja segmente oralne kirurgije, paradontologije i stomatološke protetike. Predstavlja kvalitetan oblik terapije time što omogućava nadoknadu jednoga izgubljenog zuba ili više njih. Vrhunski planiran kiruški dio terapije preduvjet je za uspješnu izradu protetskog nadomjestka, kojim je omogućena estetska i funkcijska rekonstrukcija orofacijalnog sustava narušenog gubitkom zuba. Implantoprotetički nadomjestci sastoje se od oseointegriranog implantata, implantatne suprastrukture te mobilnog ili fiksnog protetičkog rada. U današnje doba rijetko korištene jednodijelne implantate zbog velikih nedostataka zamijenili su dvodijelni sustavi, odnosno sustavi s odvojivom suprastrukturom koja se na oseointegrirani dio implantata pričvršćuje vertikalnim vijkom. Na tržištu su dostupne suprastrukture različitih materijala i oblika koje mogu biti ravne ili različito angulirane te individualne ili konfekcijske. Osim dobre oseointegracije implantata bitan čimbenik za dugotrajnost implantoprotetske terapije jest mehanička stabilnost spoja implantata i suprastrukture. U početku koristili su se vanjski spojevi koje su zbog boljih svojstava zamijenili unutarnji spojevi s antirotacijskom zaštitom. Kod unutarnjih spojeva proizvođači često rabe Morseov konus (cold weld), koji omogućuje izvanrednu mehaničku stabilnost i smanjuje mikropukotinu te komplikacije vezane uz nju. Jednako se tako kod unutarnjih spojeva rabi koncept platform switchinga, time se smanjuje resorpcija kosti te posljedično poboljšava estetika i funkcija takvih radova. Na tržištu postoji čitav niz proizvođača koji nude različite sustave dentalnih implantata i suprastruktura te različite načine vezivanja. Neki sustavi međusobnu su kompatibilni što redstavlja bolju optimizaciju samog sustava i veću dostupnost dijelova. Korištenjem provjerenih implantoloških sustava izbjegavaju se biološke i tehničke komplikacije te je moguće predvidljivije planiranje terapije.Dental implant prosthetics is an interdisciplinary branch of dental medicine that combines segments of oral surgery, periodontology and dental prosthetics. It represents a quality form of therapy as it enables the replacement of one or more missing teeth. Top quality planning in the surgical segment of the therapy is a prerequisite for a successful construction of a prosthetic replacement, which enables aesthetic and functional reconstruction of orofacial system disrupted upon the loss of a tooth. Implant prosthetics replacements comprise of an osseointegrirated dental implant, implant suprastructure and mobile or fixed prosthetic replacement. One-piece implants, which are currently seldom used because of substantial disadvantages, have been replaced with two-piece systems or systems with detachable suprastructure that is fixed with a vertical screw to the osseointegrated part of the dental implant. Suprastructures of different materials and shapes are currently available on the market. They may be straight or differently angulated, as well as individual or standard. In addition to good implant osseointegration, an important factor for the long-term impact of implant prosthetic therapy is mechanical stability of the connection of the implant and suprastructure. External connections were used initially, yet they were replaced by nternal connections with anti-rotation protection because of their superior features. Internal connections are frequently used by manufacturers with conical Morse taper (cold weld), which provides extraordinary mechanical stability and decreases micro gaps and complications normally associated with them. Similarly, the concept of platform switching is used with internal connections, which reduces bone resorption and consequently improves both the aesthetics and function of such replacements. A large number of manufacturers are currently operating on the market, providing a wide range of dental implant systems and suprastructures, as well as different methods of connection. Some systems are mutually compatible, which implies a more effective optimisation of the system and a greater availability of the components. iological and technical complications are avoided upon use of verified implant systems, which enables a more predictable treatment planning