Analysis of frontyards in the area of the Jarun subdistrict (Zagreb)

Kućni vrtovi u urbanim zonama izuzetno su važni s ekološkog i socijalnog aspekta. Predvrtovi starih obiteljskih kuća smještenih unutar blokova novosagrađenih zgrada odaju sliku nekog prošlog vremena. Ne postoje posebni propisi koji bi odredili njihovo oblikovanje, a njihov izgled u znatnoj mjeri doprinosi izgledu cijelog naselja. Mjesni odbor Jarun na području gradske četvrti Trešnjevka-jug kombinacija je stambenih zgrada, obiteljskih i kućica u nizu. Cilj rada bio je procijeniti veličinu predvrtova, % izgrađenosti, opisati elemente predvrta (ograde, opločenje), inventarizirati i kategorizirati biljne svojte zastupljene u predvrtovima po zonama, odrediti taksonomsku pripadnost vrste, ocijeniti uređenost predvrtova te utvrditi odnos ukrasnih i utilitarnih vrsta. Terensko istraživanje provedeno je od ožujka do svibnja 2017. g. na 40 predvrtova, na području Jaruna, u Zagrebu. Ulice u kojima je provedeno istraživanje su: Vrisnička ulica, Ulica Josipa Palade i Ulica Fočići. Analizirali su se predvrtovi, odnosno parcele ispred obiteljskih kuća. Prosječna veličina predvrtova iznosila je 189,25 m², dok je prosječan postotak popločenosti u svih 40 predvrtova iznosio 61,90%. Najzastupljenije ograde u predvrtovima su metalne ograde. Što se vrtnih elemenata tiče, najčešće su prisutne posude s cvijećem. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja u kojem su inventarizirane i kategorizirane biljne vrste, trajnice i geofiti su zastupljeni 31%, grmlje 28%, jednogodišnje i dvogodišnje biljke 23%, drveće 10% i penjačice 8%. S obzirom na prosječnu površinu vrta, zabilježena je niska brojnost biljnih vrsta po vrtu (8 biljnih vrsta na 1 vrt). Identificirano je 104 biljnih vrsta. Najzastupljenije porodice su Asteraceae i Rosaceae koje broje 11 biljnih vrsti. Ukrasne vrste zauzimaju 88%, dok su utilitarne vrste zastupljene sa svega 12%. Naglasak je na dekorativnosti predvrtova.House gardens in urban areas are extremely important from both an ecological and social aspect. The front yards of old family houses located within blocks of newly constructed buildings reflect the image of a past time. There are no specific regulations that would shape their design, and they contribute to the overall image of the whole neighbourhood considerably. The Jarun subdistrict, which is located in the Trešnjevka-south city district, is a combination of residential buildings, family houses and rowhouses. The aim of this paper was to estimate the size of front yards, the percentage of their development, to describe the elements of the front yard (fencing, pavement), to inventory and categorize the types of plants represented in the front yards by zones, to determine the taxonomic classification of the species, to evaluate how the front yards are arranged and to establish the relation of decorative and utilitarian types of plants. The field research was conducted from March to May 2017 on 40 front yards located in the Jarun area in Zagreb. The research was conducted in the following streets: Vrisnička Street, Josip Palada Street and Fočići Street. The analysis was focused on front yards, i.e. on parcels in front of family houses. The average size of the front yards was 189.25 m², while the average percentage of paved surfaces in all 40 front yards was 61.90%. The most commonly found fences in the front yards are metal fences. As far as garden elements are concerned, flower pots and trash cans are most commonly present. The results of the conducted research in which plant types were inventoried and categorized, show that 31% of plants are perennials and geophytes, 28% are bushes, 23% are annual and biannual plants, 10% are trees and 8% are climber plants. Considering the average surface area of the garden, a low number of plant species per garden (8 plant species per 1 garden) was detected. During the research, 104 plant species were identified. The most common families are Asteraceae and Rosaceae, which include 11 plant species. Ornamental plant types are more common, i.e. 83% of plants are decorative, while utilitarian types are represented by only 17%. The emphasis is on the decorativeness of the front yards