Influence of working speed and varieties on work effect of mechanical hops harvest

U radu su prikazana terenska mjerenja i radni učinci strojne berbe različitih sorti hmelja. Mjerenja su obavljena u hmeljarniku Rojnik i hemeljarniku Jelen na sortama Savinjski Golding, Aurora i Celeia. Hmeljarnik Rojnik iz Savinjske doline hmelj uzgaja na površini od 41 ha, a hmeljarnik Jelen iz Dobriše vasi, Petrovčah, na 21 ha. Hmeljarnik Rojnik prilikom berbe hmelja koristi traktor Landini Rex 120 GT (75 kW) koji se kreće brzinom oko 4,5 - 5 km/h, te berbu jednog prohoda obavi za 3,57 min. Hmeljarnik Jelen u berbi hmelja koristi traktor Massey Ferguson 5458 od 59 kW, koji se kreće brzinom 3,3 - 3,6 km/h, a berbu jednog prohoda odradi za oko 10 minuta, ovisno o sorti. Na osnovi cijene koštanja mehanizacije (traktor + prikolica) prilikom jednog sata rada u berbi hmelja u hmeljarniku Jelen, te ukupnim prihodima navedenih sorata, prikazana je ekonomičnost. Sve tri analizirane sorte imaju pozitivan koeficijent ekonomičnosti, a najveću isplativost u berbi ima sorta Aurora. U istraživanju radnih učinaka navedenih strojeva u oba hmeljarnika, najbolje radne učinke ostvario je traktor Massey Ferguson 5458 s prikolicom Tehnos u hmeljarniku Jelen, točnije za sortu Savinjski Golding 3,83 ha h-1, te efektivne iskoristivosti od 29 %. Hmeljarnik Rojnik zbog velike udaljenosti hmeljarnika od obiteljskog gospodarstva - hale za preradu, gubi na efektivnoj iskoristivosti, koja iznosi 8,3 %, te radnog učinka od 1,83 ha h-1, iako za berbu koristi najsuvremeniju mehanizaciju (traktor Landini Rex 120 GT s vučenom prikolicom Wallner tip L u kombinaciji s Wolf rezačem).This thesis presents field measurements and work effects of mechanical harvesting with different varieties of hops. Measurements have been done on the hop plantation Rojnik and Jelen hop. Varieties that are cultivated the most are Savinjski Golding, Aurora and Celeia. Hop plantation Rojnik, from Savinjka Valley, is growing hops on the land surface of 41 hectares. While hop plantation Jelen, from Droise vasi, Pertovcah, stretches to 21 hectares. During the harvest they are using Landini REX 120 GT (75kW) tractor that can move to a speed of 4.5-5 km/h and harvest takes 6 minutes in one passing. Jelen hop plantation is using weaker tractors of 59 kW, Massey Ferguson 394 A, which with the speed of 3,3-3,6 km/h takes 10 minutes for harvesting in one passing. Based on the mechanization cost during one hour of work (tractor + trailer), on the hop plantation Jelen, and total revenue of the specified varieties, the best economy is shown. All three varieties that have been analysed, they have positive coefficient of economics and the highest cost- effectiveness has Aurora variety. In the research of a work effect of mentioned machines in both plantations, tractor Massey Ferguson 5458 has achieved the best one, with the trailer Tehnos on the hop plantation, specifically for the variety Savinjski Golding 3,83 ha h-1, with the effective usage of 29%. Hop plantation Rojnik because of the big distance between a plantation and family farm – hall for processing, it’s losing on its effectiveness which comes to 8,3% with work effect of 1,83 ha h-1. Even though for the harvest they are using the latest technology (tractor Landini Rex 120 GT with the towed trailer Wallner type L in combination with Wolf cutter)