Kvalitativna svojstva latica karanfila nakon različitih temperatura sušenja

Karanfil (Dianthuscaryophyllus L.) je prekrasna trajnica, koja je neopravdano malo zastupljena u vrtovima. Biljka postiže visinu i do 80 cm te na stabljici može dati od jednog do pet cvjetova. Zbog atraktivne boje latica karanfili su jedna od izrazito popularnih vrsta na tržištu dekorativne industrije. Uzgajaju se zbog svoje ukrasne vrijednosti i koriste se u dekorativne svrhe kao rezano cvijeće ili kao ukrasne biljke u vrtovima gdje se koriste za obrube i za sadnju nareprezentativne gredice, posudice i kamenjare. Osim u dekorativnoj industriji koriste se i u industriji parfema. Atraktivna boja cvijeta je jedna od karakteristika koja se iskorištava u dekorativnoj industriji za potrebe mnogobrojnih dekoracija, posebno vezano za lokalne blagdane (npr. Majčin dan u SAD-u i Kanadi, proslava Dana rada u Europi, kao i u Republici Hrvatskoj i dr.). Osim u svježem stanju, latice karanfila mogu se termički doraditi kako bi im se očuvala dekorativna svojstva.Stoga je od velike važnosti prilikom postupka termičke obrade odrediti optimalnu kombinaciju temperature i vremena sušenja kako bi se vrijednost dehidriranih latica zadržala na optimalnoj razini kvalitete. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišteni su kultivarikaranfila laticacrvene, žute, bijele i roze boje. Latice su sušene na tri različite temperature (41°C, 52°C, 63°C) te su im utvrđene kemijske karakteristike prije i nakon konvekcijskog sušenja dehidriranjem. Provedenim istraživanjem dobiveni su rezultatidadehidriranje na temperaturama 41°C, 52 °C i 63°C se pokazalo odgovarajućom metodom sušenja, jer se vlaga na početku gubila sporo, a na kraju brzo u kratkom vremenu. Povećanjem temperature povećavao se sadržaj pepela u suhoj tvari, ta promjena nije karakteristična, a to se možda može pripisati morfološkim karakteristika biljne vrste, no povećanjem temperature povećava se sadržaj masti u kultivarima što je u skladu s rezultatima drugih autora, citiranim u ovom radu. Što se tiče intenziteta boje rezultati su pokazali da povećanje temperature nije utjecalo na značajniju promjenu intenziteta.Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), beautiful perennial plant, which is slightly present in our gardens. The plant can grow up to 80 cm and on the stem can have one to five flowers. Due to the attractive colors of petals, Carnations are one of the extremely popular species on the market of the decorative industry. This plant is grown for their decorative value and it is used for decorative purposes as fresh cut flowers or as a decorative plant in gardens where it is used for borders and for planting in flower beds, containers or rock gardens. Beside to the decorative industry, it is also used in the perfume industry. Attractive color of flowers is one of the characteristics that is exploited in the decorative industry for the purpose of numerous decorations, especially in relation to the local holidays (for example, Mother's Day in the United States and Canada, the celebration of Labor Day in Europe, and about the Republic of Croatia, etc.). In addition tofresh condition, petals of the carnation can be heat-treated in order to preserve the decorative properties. It is therefore very important, during the heat treatment process, to determine the optimal combination of temperature and drying time in that way that the value dehydrated petals remain at the optimallevel of quality. For the purposes of this study, it has been used carnation petals of red, yellow, white and pink color. The petals were dried at three different temperatures (41 °C, 52 °C, 63 °C) and their physical characteristics were determined before and after the dehydrating process. The research proves that dehydrogenation, at temperatures 41 ° C, 52 ° C and 63 ° C is not suitable method of drying, because the moisture loss was slow at the beginning of the process but fast in the end. By increasing the temperature ammount of the ash content in the dry matter rised, which is opposite according to the other authors in cited in this paper and it may be attributed to the morphological characteristics of plant species, but an increase in temperature that increases the fat content in cultivars is consistent with results of other authors cited in this paper. As for the color intensity, results showed that an increase in temperature did not affect the significant change in intensity